SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS OF FOSSIL BIRDS 825 



LONGIPENNES (p. 732). 



22. PUFFINUS CONRADI. 



Piiffiniis conniilii, Maush, Am. Joiini. Sci., xlix, Mar., 1872, p. 212. — CoUES, Key, 

 1872, p. 350. 



A shearwater about the size of P. cinereufi. Fnnii the Miocene of Maryhind, and now 

 preserved in the Museum of the Piuladolphia Academy. 



PYGOPODES (p. 787). 



23. LOMVIA ANTIQUA. 



Catarractes qntiquHS, IMarsh, Am. Juurn. Sci., xlix, Mar., 1870, p. 213. — CouES, Key, 

 1872, p. 350. 



A guillemot rather larger than the common murre (L. troile). From the Miocene of 

 North Carolina. Deposited in the Philadelphia Academy. 



24. LOMVIA AFFINIS. 



Catarractes affinis, Marsh, Am. Journ. Sci., iv, Oct., 1872, p. 259. — Coues, Key, 1872, 

 p. 350. 



A species about as large as the preceding, and nearly related. From the Post-pliocene of 

 Maine. The original specimen is in the Philadelphia Academy. 



BATITJE (p, 238). 



25. GASTORNIS GIGAXTEUS. 



Diatnjma (ji<jantea, Cope, Proc. Phila. Acad., 1S7G, p. 11. — Eep. Surv. W. 100th Merid., 

 iv, pt. ii, 1877, pp. 69-71, pi. xxxii, figg. 23-25. , 



From the Eocene of New Mexico, of the Wahsatch epoch ; based upon a tarso- metatarsal 

 bone lacking a part of the shaft and the external condyle. The species was of great size, the 

 proximal end of the bone being nearly twice the diameter of that of the ostrich. " Its discovery 

 introduced this group of Birds [Ratitce] to the known faun?e of North America, and demon- 

 strates that this continent has not been destitute of the gigantic forms of birds now confined to 

 the southern hemisphere faunae" (Cope). The proximal end of the bone is described as resem- 

 bling the same part in the ostriches {Struthionidce) and moas (DinornithidcB) ; while the distal 

 end, as fur as that is preserved, is similar to that of Gasioniis of the corresponding horizon in 

 France. 



B. — Cretaceous Birds, 



The follo^ving synojisis is based upon that given in the ai)2Jendix of IMarsli's great work 

 already cited (' Odontornithes'). The nine genera and nineteen species presented are supposed 

 to be referable to one or the other of the two types exemplified by lehtliyornis and Hesiperornis 

 respectively ; but, as many of them are still known only by remains so fragmentary that it is 

 impossible to say whether they are Odontotormce or Odontolca, an alphabetical arrangement 

 of the genera is followed. 



Most of the known remains of Cretaceous birds of North America have been discovered 

 on the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains, in beds of middle Cretaceous age which have 

 been termed by Marsh "Pteranodon beds," from the genus of toothless Pterodactyles found 

 in them. These Western Cretaceous birds were all found in Kansas, excepting some from 

 corresponding strata in Texas. The Eastern Cretaceous forms from the green-sand of New 

 Jersey, all of which are distinct from the western ones, are from a higher horizon, representing 

 a division of the upper Cretaceous. No jaws or teeth of those birds haviiii^ been found, it is 



