LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS IX 



Facing page 



33. Types of torches. Torches of resin 199 



(1) Borneo healing torch. 



(2) Karens, Burma. 



(3) Lower Siam. 



(4) Mindanao, Philippine Islands, 



(5) Porto Rico, West Indies. 



(6) Gaboon, Africa. 



(7) Lower Siam. 



(8) Singapore. 



(9) Mass of fat on a stick, Mongolia. 



(10) Fancifully wound taper, Virginia. 



(11) Link, Spain. 



(12) Mass of resin on stick, West Africa. 



(13) Candle-tree bark for torch, Mexico. 



(14) Fat-pine torch material, Virginia. 



34. Splint and candle holders 214 



(1) Finland. 



(2) Device for splint and candle, Finland. 



(3) Splint holder for staff, Czechoslovakia. 



(4) Splint holder with weighted arm, England. 



(5) Candle and splint holder, England. 



35. Candleholders of various types 214 



(1) Wooden candlestick, Finland. 



(2) Branched candlestick, Finland. 



(3) Pricket processional iron candlestick, Europe, fifteenth cen- 



tury. 



(4) Iron candlestick, Pennsylvania. 



(5) Spring candlestick, 1709, Germany. 



36. Perforated iron lantern. United States 216 



Perforated copper lantern, Italy. 



Lantern "Guy Fawkes" with horn panes, England. 



37. Development of the lamp in simple forms 216 



38. Development of the lamp in advanced forms, to electric lamp 216 



39. Shell lamp and hanging saucer float lamp. Top, Orkney Islands; 



bottom, Tetuan, Morocco 216 



40. Lamps showing types of development from the simpler lamps 224 



(1) Crusie of brass. 



(2) Ancient Roman pottery lamp with simple handle and beak. 



(3) Ancient Roman lamp without handle and with beak. 



(4) Saracenic green glazed lamp with wick gutter, Egypt. 



(5) Saucer lamp with rudimentary handle and wick channel, 



Ceylon. 



(6) Crusie of hammered iron, Scotland. 



(7) Simple saucer lamp on stand, China. 



(8) Majolica lamp showing pinched-in saucer, Italy. 



41. Lamps of metal with limited and complete gravity pressure 225 



(1) Argand type lamp, England. 



(2) Italian brass lucerna. 



(3) Dutch brass-spout lamp. 



(4) Kyal lamp, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. 



(5) Kerosene lamp with tubular wick, 1876. United States. 

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