50 BULLETIN 139, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



chamber. Three holes are pierced thi'ough the side of the stove above 

 the grate, an early device for aerating the gases of combustion. The 

 bottom draught is supplied through the little door (20 cm. d., 27 cm. 

 h.) ; collected by Dr. and Mrs. Talcott Wilhams (pi. 20, fig. 1). From 

 the same country comes a high iron cooking stove also having a drum- 

 shaped body containing grate and air chamber, and the stove is 

 mounted on three legs. There are tliree air holes above the grate and 

 three hinged supports for the cooking vessel. The stove shows the 

 tj'pical and excellent ornamental ironwork of the north African black- 

 smith (23 cm. d., 61 cm. li.) ; collected by Dr. and Mrs. Talcott Williams 

 (pi. 20, fig. 2) . Even simpler are the small cast-iron stoves formerly 

 used, in 1886 and later, by the Italian chestnut vendors in Washing- 

 ton. These stoves were usually flaring toward the top, were mounted 

 on four legs, and had a grate, hearth, and a bail for carrying. The 

 National Museum has a better stove of this class. The fire bowl 

 with grate is mounted on a base containing the air chamber. There 

 are lugs on the sides of the fire basin for carrying the stove. The 

 maker was Gotscher, and the stove is probably Pennsylvania Dutch 

 cast in Lebanon Valley (pi. 21, fig. 1). 



A Korean stove resembles the fire pots of cast iron in every respect. 

 In shape an inverted truncated cone, it has about midway the grate 

 and below a draught-box door and hearth. The rim is cut in a curve 

 for seating the pot. This stove differs widely from the Japanese 

 utensil and is much in advance in respect to draught (pi. 22, fig. 4). 

 Another stove of excellent cast iron is in the Museum. It seems to 

 represent the greatest advance of this type. It has three legs and a 

 hearth. The fire box is shallow and in the bottom fits the grate. 

 Above the fire is an ornamental pierced grating. The margin of the 

 fire box is flaring, is pierced with holes, and has three projections on 

 which to rest the pot. It has a wire bail (pi. 21, fig. 2). There are 

 a number of heating devices which may be classed as stoves. The 

 better-known example of this type is the samovar, "self cooker" of 

 Russia, a device for heating water for drawing tea. It consists of a 

 water reservoir surrounding the fire box of a small charcoal stove 

 provided with grate, air chamber, draught door, and ash box. The 

 reservoir is fitted with a spigot. A small chimney is added on occa- 

 sion at the top of the heated-air outlet. Usually a teapot for infus- 

 ing tea leaves is set on this opening. A Chinese water-heating stove 

 in form of a teapot is of tliis class. It has a circular base of sheet 

 brass, pierced with the mystic diagrams fa Icwa. In this base a per- 

 forated grate rests on three spurs. In the base fits a teapot of pew- 

 ter, fitted with a hoDow cone of brass venting through the teapot lid. 

 Water is confined and heated in the interspace and poured through 

 the spout. The sides of the teapot bear Chinese characters. It is 

 from the Chinese Commission, Philadelpliia Centennial, 1876, and is 



