FIRE AS AN AGENT IN HUMAN CULTURE 237 



rod. Sometimes the lamp was merely a punched-up saucer of 

 copper. 28 The tilting crusie is like one of the old French forms. 



There was a lamp called "kyal" used on Cape Cod, Massachu- 

 setts, about 1820. It is a quaint affair, consisting of a cylindrical 

 reservoir of tin with conical lid and an upcurving copper spout. The 

 reservoir fits into a cup to the sides of which is attached the bail 

 handle of wire. The name kyal Dr. E. B. Tylor identified as an old 

 Scandinavian name; the lamp, however, is probably Flemish.^' 



AFRICA 



The use of lamps in this great continent is almost exclusively 

 confined to the area contiguous to the Mediterranean. In this area 

 are two preponderating groups, namely, Roman and Mohammedan, 

 the latter perpetuating ancient non-Roman types. The modern 

 lamps also show occasionally trans-Mediterranean influence. 



MOROCCO 



The usual potter}' lamp of Morocco is of green glaze ware. It 

 has a basin foot, a stem, a handle, and a bowl pinched into elliptic 

 shape. Larger specimens are elaborate in details, such as the number 

 of lamps and candle sockets, but preserve the general idea. 



Metal lamps are generally of the suspended variety. The common 

 lamp is of open crusie type with four beaks or three, and with drip 

 catcher. They are of brass ornamented with repousse and open- 

 work. The hanging lamp has a basin of cast brass cliiseled, suspended 

 by chains to a hanger in shape of a hand. A green glazed pottery 

 bowl forming the reservoir is placed in the basin. In some specimens 

 a bowl having a knob on the bottom is slung in the chains. 



The National Museum has a chandelier for the mosque from 

 Tetuan, Morocco. It is of brass strips riveted together in the form 

 of a hexagram, 14 inches in diameter, and with six disk rings riveted 

 in the angles. From the points and rings depend lamp supports 

 consisting of a double bird-shaped flat casting, a boss from which 

 hang three chains brought together to form a pocket in which the 

 lamp of glass or pottery is set. The chandelier is suspended by 

 chains to the frame and attached to a larger boss. From under the 

 boss hangs another lamp support, making a chandelier of 13 lights. 



A form of crusie of iron was collected at Fez, Morocco, by Talcott 

 Williams. It is a four-beak lamp secured to a long iron-spiked rod 

 which is thrust into a billet of wood. 



A small painted potter}^ lamp from Algiers has an hourglass shape 

 base, a flattened celumn on which rests a lamp resembhng the Roman, 

 and a handle reaching from the back of the lamp to the top of the 

 base. 



»• Thomas Eubank. Life in Brazil, New York, 1856, p. 194. "Journ. Roy. Inst., vol. 13, 1883, p. 353. 



