Famili/ 1. — 1. Species of small size, often of shiny colors, being 

 either bronzon or metallic. 2. Elbowed antennae with 

 from six to fourteen joints. 3. Wings often deficient in y 

 veins. 4. Abdomen usually seven jointed in male and j 

 six jointed in female. j 



Family m. — 1. Ovipositor slender, long, and partially coiled, aris-1 

 ing from near the base of the abdomen. 2. Abdomen | 

 with second, or second and third segments greatly developed. Y 

 3. Straight antennae thirteen to sixteen jointed. 4. ' 

 Plant parasites. 



26 



CHALCID- 

 IDAE. 



(Bronzen- 

 flies.) 



27 



CYNIP- 

 IDAE. 



(Gall-flies.) 



Famili/ n- — 1. Head broad, 2. Thorax wide. 3. Abdomen! 28 



sessile. 4. Wings large in proportion to body. 5. 



Quite net-veined. 6. Ovipositor or "saw" consists of 

 two lamellae, — the lower edge of one is toothed and fits , 

 into a groove in the under side of upper one which is j (Saw-flies.) 

 toothed above and both protected by sheath-like stylets. 



TENTHRE- 

 !^ DINIDAE. 



J 



Faridhj Q. — 1. Abdomen of male with a long prominent horn, — of 

 female with the ovipositor or "saw" attached to the middle 

 of abdomen and extending far beyond its tip. 2. Large 

 with lat'ge head and long cylindrical body. 3. Antennae ')■ 

 long and filiform. 4. Larva a cylindrical fleshy grub, j 

 whitish, small rounded horny head, and ^^ointed horny | 

 tail; feeds on pines and firs. J 



29 



UROCER- 

 IDAE. 



(Horn-tails.) 



Sub-order IL— LEPIDOPTERA. 



Section A. — 1. Antennae thread-like and knobbed at the ends. 

 2. Fore wings of some, and all the wings in greater num- 

 ber, elevated perpendicularly and turned back to back 

 when at rest. 3. Hind legs generally with two little 

 spurs. 4. Fly by day only. 5. Caterpillars have six- 

 teen legs: — two jointed, tapering, and scaly to each of the 

 three segments behing the head, and two fleshy legs with- 

 out joints to each of the remaining segments, except the 

 fourth, fifth, tenth, and eleventh. 



30 



PAPIL- 



lONES. 



(Butterflies.) 



33-34 



31 



Section B. — 1. Antennae generally thickened in the middle, ta-1 

 pering at each end, and most often hooked at the tip. 2. j 

 Wings narrow in proportion to their length, and confined I 

 together by a bristle or bunch of stifi' hairs on the shoulder 

 of each hind wing, which is retained by a corresponding SPHINGES, 

 hook on the under side of each fore wiug. 3. All the r 

 wings when at rest more or less inclined like a roof, the 

 upper covering the lower. 4. Hind legs with two pairs I 

 of spurs. 5. A few fly by day, but most in the morning j 

 and evening twilight. 6. Larvae stand for hours on j 

 their fleshy or prop legs with fore part of body elevated. 



(Hawk- 

 Moths.) 



49-51 



J 



Section 0. — 1. Antennae taper from the base to the extremity! 

 and either naked like a bristle or feathered on each side. 

 2. Wings held together by bristles and hooks. 3. First \ 

 pair covers hind pair and both slope more or less when at | 

 rest. 4. Hind legs with two pairs of spurs. 5. Fly 

 mostly by night. J 



32 



PHALAE- 



NAE. 



(Moths.) 

 52-58 



