74 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 282 



points to a relationship with the species in the subgenus Schilheodes, 

 with an early divergence from most members of that group. Its rela- 

 tionship wdth any other species does not appear to be intimate. 



Ecology. — Noturus leptacanthus is most frequently taken from 

 small to moderate size streams, and appears to be chiefly a creek 

 species. It prefers moderate to fast current, living on riffles of coarse 

 sand or large gravel. Other species of Noturus that have been collected 

 with leptacanthus are gyrinus, noctumus, junebris, insignis, and 

 munitu^. 



In addition to the similar range, Percina nigrofasciata appears to 

 be a common darter associate of N. leptacanthus. Although leptacanthus 

 is not collected as frequently as nigrofasciata, because of its cryptic 

 habits, the number of collections in which the two are taken together 

 is striking. 



Noturus nocturnus Jordan and Gilbert 



FRECKLED MADTOM 



Plates 3 (fig. 5), 8 (fig. 1); Map 4 



Noturus leptacanthus Jordan [misidentifications]. — Hay, 1881, pp. 514, 515, and 

 Swain and Kalb, 1883, p. 642 (description; Chickasawha R., Enterprise,* 

 Mississippi). — Hay, 1883, pp. 73-74 (distribution; Enterprise,* Mississippi; 

 Big Black R., near Edwards [probably, USNM 32301,* Mississippi?, 1882, 

 O. P. Hay], Mississippi). 



Noturus nocturnus Jordan and Gilbert. — Jordan, 1885, p. 802 (nomen nudun; 

 range). — Graham, 1885b, p. 77 (nomen nudum; Arkansas R. or branches 

 near Fort Smith; hypothetical in Kansas). — Jordan and Gilbert, 1886, pp. 

 6-17 (original description; best specimens, USNM 36461, from SaHne R., 

 Benton,* Ark.; other records: Poteau R.,* Okla.; Washita R., about 0.5 mi. 

 above Arkadelphia,* Ark.; Sabine R., 5 mi. S. of Longview,* Tex.; Trinity 

 R., Dallas,* Tex. [others are Noturus gyrinus]). — Jordan, 1889, p. 353 (rela- 

 tionship) ; 1890, pp. 161, 165 (description; Big [Pigeon R.] Or., Evansville,* 

 Ind.).— Meek, 1891, p. 138 (Ouachita R., near Crystal Springs* and [West 

 Fork] Saline R., about 24 mi. E. of Hot Springs, Ark.); 1893, p. 229 (range; 

 compiled records from Arkansas only) ; 1894a, pp. 90-92 (Arkansas records 

 compiled). — Evermann and Kendall, 1894, pp. 80-96, pi. 11 (type ascribed 

 in error to Sabine R., Belton [for Saline R.,* Benton], Ark.; type figured; 

 type-locality also indicated as Poteau R., near Fort Smith, Ark.; records 

 compiled).— Hay, 1894, p. 172.— Meek, 1896, pp. 342, 346 (Walnut Cr., 

 Kiamichi [Okla.]; Little and St. Francis Rivers, near Marked Tree [now re- 

 corded: CNHM 1581, Marked Tree,* Ark., S. E. Meek and CNHM 764, St. 

 Francis R., Greenway,* Ark., S. E. Meek], Ark.).— Hay, 1902, p. 70 (com- 

 piled) .—Parks and Cory, 1938, p. 21 (compiled).— Bohlke, 1953, p. 43 (syn- 

 types, SU 562,* SU 564,* and USNM 36461*).— Gerking, 1955, pp. 51, 76 

 (Indiana records; key). — Bailey, 1956, p. 338 (hypothetical, Iowa). — Eddy, 



1957, p. 152, fig. 384 (key; range) .—Taylor, 1957, p. 192.— Clarke, Breukel- 

 man, and Andrews, 1958, p. 168 (Lyon Co., Kans.). — Hancock and Sublette, 



1958, p. 46 (Louisiana: stations 4,* 5,* 12, 13*).— Cook, 1959, pp. 34, 135, 



♦Material indicated by an asterisk has been re-examined. 



