130 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 82 



acteristic of upland or high-gradient streams where as many as three 

 or possibly four species may occur together. 



The name Rabida, from rabidus (Latin), means mad, fierce, or 

 furious. 



Key to the Species of the Subgenus Rabida 



1. Pelvic rays typically 8; posterior process of cleithrum (humeral process) 



shorter than diameter of pectoral spine shaft 2 



Pelvic rays typically 9; humeral process length variable, short or longer. 3 



2. Soft pectoral rays 7 to 10, most frequently 9 but often 8; anal rays 12 to 17, 



usually 13 or more; preoperculomandibular pores normally 10 or 11; 



mouth inferior, lower jaw included Noturus hildebrandi 



Soft pectoral rays 7 or 8; anal rays 12 or 13; preoperculomandibular pores 1 1 ; 

 mouth approximately subterminal, lower jaw only slightly included. 



Noturus baileyi, new species 



3. Preoperculomandibular pores typically 10; adipose fin nearly separated from 



caudal fin and forming a free posterior flap; caudal rays 39 to 52, usually 

 fewer than 49; blotch on adipose fin low, confined to its basal half; no 

 midcaudal crescent of dark pigment; soft pectoral rays typically 8; humeral 

 process intermediate, longer than width of pectoral spine shaft, but never 



longer than shaft plus serrae Noturus eleutherus 



Preoperculomandibular pores typically 11 4 



4. Posterior process of cleithrum typically shorter than diameter of pectoral 



spine shaft, always shorter than shaft plus serrae; predorsal length stepped 

 1.4 to 2.1, usually more than 1.5 times in distance from dorsal origin to 

 rear end of adipose fin; adipose and caudal fins moderately to broadly 



united, the adipose fin not developing a free posterior flap 5 



Posterior process of cleithrum (humeral process) typically longer than diame- 

 ter of pectoral spine including its serrae; predorsal length stepped 1.1 to 1-6, 

 usually 1.2 to 1.5 times in distance from origin of dorsal fin to rear end of 

 adipose fin 7 



5. Soft pectoral rays most frequently 9; a prominent broad dark bar at caudal 



peduncle base and distinct white areas usually on procurrent caudal rays; 

 rear process of cleithrum very short or obscure; anterior dentations of 

 pectoral spine poorly developed or nearly obscure; anal rays 13 to 16, 



usually 14 or 15 Noturus al hater, new species 



Soft pectoral rays 8 but frequently 9; bar, if present, on caudal peduncle no 

 more prominent than medial bands on caudal fin which is without large 

 white areas; rear process of cleithrum present or obscure; anterior denta- 

 tions of pectoral spine moderately or poorly developed 6 



6. Posterior process of cleithrum present, acute, distinct; anal rays 14 to 19, 



usually 15 or more; vertebrae 34 to 37; dark saddles on back broad and 

 prominent; pectoral fin pigmented only near base and about spine; adipose 



fin with a dark bar Noturus elegans, new species 



Cleithrum only roughened posteriorly, without a process; anal rays 13 to 16, 

 usually 14; vertebrae 32 to 34; dark saddles on back narrow and not 

 prominent; pectoral fin well pigmented; adipose fin yellowish, without a 

 bar Noturus trautmani, new species 



7. A midcaudal crescentic dark brown bar in addition to a dark brown sub- 



marginal caudal band ; dorsal fin with a brown but never with a jet black 

 blotch and caudal peduncle without a jet black bar; dark bar on adipose 



