196 U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 2 82 



above, only slightly depressed; lower jaw included; premaxillary tooth 

 patch with sharp or slightly rounded corners; humeral process about 

 as long as or longer than width of pectoral spine including serrae; 

 pectoral spine long, curved (pi. 4, fig. 13), with large, recurved pos- 

 terior serrae and rather long, distinct anterior serrae; dorsal spine 

 stout; adipose fin widely connected to caudal fin, with only a mod- 

 erate notch and no prominent flap at free edge; caudal fin rounded 

 or pointed behind ; six or seven gill rakers on the first arch. A Michigan 

 specimen, the largest examined, measures 88 mm. in standard length. 



In 28 skeletonized and stained specimens, the ossified pectoral 

 radials are fused on 51 sides; 5 sides have them partially joined. The 

 young at about 12 mm. in standard length have two distinct ossified 

 radials at the base of each fin. Vertebrae anterior to the anal fin 

 origin are 12 (in 9) or 13 (10). 



The caudal fin has (extremes in parentheses): (20) 23 to 27 (29), 

 mean 25.4 upper simple rays; (14) 16 to 19 (24), mean 17.5 branched 

 rays, of which there are usually 7 or 8 in the upper half and 8 to 11 

 in the lower half of fin; and (11) 15 to 18 (20), mean 16.5 lower simple 

 rays. The pectoral spine has as many as eleven posterior serrae. In 

 195 specimens, the dorsal soft rays are five (in 2), six (192), and 

 seven (1). 



General life color yellowish, brownish, light reddish orange, or 

 pinkish. In preservation, side lightly and irregular mottled; four dark 

 saddles on back; one, with a nearly straight anterior margin about 

 midway between dorsal fin and head, extends laterally onto side to 

 below lateral line and backward to second dorsal ray; another blotch 

 between adipose and dorsal fins, a third, which is black, at middle of 

 adipose fin extends to its margin; another, a continuation of the 

 submarginal black caudal band extends downward through the pro- 

 current caudal rays onto the edge of the caudal peduncle, passing 

 chiefly around the margin of the peduncle and across lower procurrent 

 rays, connecting again with the black submarginal caudal band; 

 caudal fin generally grayish, frequently with an immaculate tip; 

 adipose fin otherwise variably pigmented or translucent with a few 

 scattered chromatophores ; anal fin dusky near base, usually with a 

 submarginal dark band, and irregularly pigmented on extremity of 

 rays; pectoral fin moderately weU pigmented near base and about 

 spine, especially on upper surface; pelvic fin with chromatophores on 

 upper surface near base; dorsal fin with dark gray pigment about base 

 of first two rays and along spine, a few scattered chromatophores 

 extend along rays to middle of fin, tip of dorsal spine and first three to 

 five dorsal rays covered with a jet black blotch, and margin of 

 fin nearly immaculate, whitish; top of head dark; a light circular area 

 back of eye; another on cheek below eye; a rectangular light brown 



