PICARI^: PIC ART AN BIRDS. 541 



Chiefly Oriental and Austromalayan (subfamily Bucerotincx), but also Ethiopian (subfamily ^Mcort'inop); about 



60 species 5. Finn. Bucerotid.*; 



*6. Kingfishers. (Formula A X.) Sternum 4-notched. Tufted oil-gland and no CiEca. Bicarotidean. No spinal 

 space and no aftershafts. Rectrices 12 as a rule, 10 in Tanysiptera. Feet thoroughly syndactylous (3-toed in 

 two genera by loss of 2d toe). Bill long, but more or less fissirostral ; tomia not serrate (exc. Syma). Tongue 

 lipoglossine. Two subfamilies, chiefly Old World, only one genus American G. Fam. AlcedisidjE 



7. Mutmots. Sternum 4-fenestrate. Oil-gland nude or slightly tufted; no caeca. Bicarotidean. No spinal 

 space ; plumage aftershafted. Rectrices 12, in Baryphthenrjus 10, the middle pair long and usually spatulate. 

 Bill serrate. Neotropical 7. Fam. Momotid* 



8. Todies. Sternum 4-notched. Tufted oil-gland and 2 caeca. Bicarotidean. No spinal space or fork. Rectrices 

 12, short, even. Bill long, flat, obtuse, minutely serrulate. Eggs plural, white. Nest burrowed un^ler ground. 

 Antillean ; one small geuus, Todus 8. Fam. Todid^ 



9. Bee-eaters. Sternum 4-uotched. Nude oil-gland and 2 caeca. Carotids variable. A spinal space. Toes syn- 

 dactylous. Plumage aftershafted. Rectrices 10, 12 ?. Bill tenuirostral. African and Eurasiatic ; 2 subfam- 

 ilies, Meropina; and yyctiornithinre y. Fain. Meropid^ 



ee. Feet picarian, sympelmous and pamprodactylous (4 toes in front). Formula A X Y. Palate desmognathous ; 

 no vomer nor basipterygoids. Tufted oil-gland and no caeca. Sinistrocarotidean. Plumage aftershafted. 

 Spinal pteryla simple in scapular region. Sternum 4-notched. Rectrices 10. A nest ; eggs white. One fam- 

 ily, Etliiopian V. PAMPRODACTYLI 



10. Colics. Bill short and stout. Tail very long. One genus, Colitis (including Bhabdocolius and Crocolius), 

 of about 9 species 10 Fam. Coi^uvx 



ff. Feet picarian, sympelmous and anisodactylous (in one family somewhat zygodactylous). Palate various. Nude 

 oil-gland, or none ; caeca. Spinal pteryla furcate in scapular region. Five (or six ?) families VI. CORAf 'liE 



11. Kirumbos. Palate desmognathous. Fourth toe versatile; foot thus pseudozygodactylous, Formula A X Y. 

 A pair of uropygial powder-down patclies ; plumage aftershafted ; frontal antise plumose ; sexes unlike, <f 

 metallic. Rectrices 12. Bill stout ; nostrils anterior. One Madagascan genus, of one or two species 



11. Leptosomatid^ 



12. Rollers. Palate desmognathous ; basipterygoids rudimentary ; vomer attenuate. Formula A X Y. No pow- 

 der-down. Two carotids. Nude oil-gland. Plumage aftershafted, alike in both sexes, non-metallic, but 

 brilliant. Rectrices 12. Bill stout ; nostrils subbasal. Two subfamilies ; Coraciinw, two arboreal, diurnal 

 genera, Eurasiatic and African ; and Brac/iypteraciiiiw, three terrestrial, somewhat nocturnal genera, con- 

 fined to Madagascar 12. Corachd.e 



*13. Goatsuckers. Palate schizognatlious ; basipterygoids small ; palatines expanded posteriorly ; vomer trun- 

 cate in front. Two carotids. Sternum 2- or 4-notched. Nude oil-gland, small. Plumage aftershafted. Rec- 

 trices 10. Bill very small, weak, but deeply fissirostral. Habits partly nocturnal. No nest ; young downy : 



eggs normally 2, colored or colorless. Nearly cosmopolitan 13. Caprimcloid.« 



(Note. No powdtr-doivn, sternum 2-notclied, phalanges 2-.3-4-4, middle claw pectinate, and bill not toothed, 

 in CaprimulgiiKT ; powder-down, sternum 4-notched, phalanges normal, 2-3-4-5, no pectination, and bill 

 toothed in Xyctibiinre or fam XvrTiBiin.K ) 



14. Frofj-months. Palate desmognathous ; basipterygoids rudimentary ; palatines expanded in lateral processes. 

 Sternum 4-notched. No oil-gland (/'oi/i/ );/»,?) ; uropygial powder-down patches (not i\\ ^Fgollielesf). Rectrices 

 10. Phalanges normal, 2-3-1-5, and claw not pectinate. Rictus enormous. Habits nocturnal. A nest; eggs 

 white or colored ; young downy. Oriental and Australian. Podurgus and Batrachoslomus, of the subfamily 

 Poilarginw, nostrils basal ; ^gotheles, of the subfamily ^gothehnce, nostrils subterminal 



14. Fam. Podarqid* 



15. Oil-birds. Peculiar in the fornuila X Y, and otherwise ; perhaps should stand alone as a suborder, Sleator- 

 nithes, related to the Owls. Palate desmognathous ; basipterygoids develope 1 : palatines contracted. Sternum 

 2-notched. Large nude oil-gland. Two carotids. Bronchial syringes. Skull owl-like. Rectrices 10. One 

 genus. Neotropical 15. Fam. Steatornithid.k 



gg. Feet picarian in a peculiar way, heteropelmous and heterodactylous (zygodactylous, but by reversion of second 

 toe). Formula A X (as in Kingfi.shers). Palate schizognathous ; basipterygoids present. Nude oil-gland and 

 2 small c*ca. Sternum 4-notched. Sinistrocarotid. General pterylosis passerine ; spinal pteryla simple ; 



plumage aftershafted. Rectrices 12. One family, of both hemispheres VII. TROGONES 



*1C. Trogons. Bill stout, serrate or smooth IC. Tkooonid.e 



hh. Feet picarian, antio|>elmou8 and perfectly zygodactylous (in the usual way, by reversion of fourth toe ; hallux 

 wanting in certain .'i-toed genera). Formula including X, usually al.so Y. Palate and carotids variable. No 

 basipterygoids. Oil-gland variable. Aftershafts small or vestigial. Spinal pteryla simple. Sternum and tensor 

 patagii brevis characteristic. Wing-coverts tending to reduction to passerine Bmallness. Six (or eight ?) 



families VIII. PICI 



•17. Woodpeckers. Palate of the peculiar structure called pnurognathous ; vomers paired. Formula A X Y 

 (with some exceptions). Maiuibrlum storni furciitc. Sinistrocarotid. Tufted oil-gland and no rjrca. Syrinx 

 broncho-tracheal, with om- p.iir of intrinsic and one of extrinsic niuscles. Wing-coviTt.s posxerine. Rectrices 

 normally 12, one pair spurious. Bill peculiar ; fong\ie usually lumbriciforni. Hallux luis.shig In five genera. 

 Nest in holes ; eggs plural, wliite. Nearly cosmopolitan ; three subfamilies, /'irimr with rigid acumiiinte rec- 

 trices, Pieumnina and lyngimr with soft rectrices, the two latter sometimes sciuirated as different f.tniilion 



17. Film. rictD.« 



