FA L COXID.'E — B UTEONINM : B L'ZZA RDS. 685 



plumage, being long full-grown before the red appears upon the tail, and this usually precedes 

 the fulvous of the under parts. The quarry of the great Rod-tail is humble, chiefly such small 

 mammals as mice, moles, j;hrews, gophers, squirrels, or rabbits, much less often birds of any 

 kind, or pf)ultry ; also many reptiles and batrachians, crustaceans, and a great variety of insects. 

 The bird is thus highly beneficial to the agriculturist, like other species of its genus. 

 B. b. kri'deri. (To John Krider.) Krider's Ked-tail. A light-colored form, pure white 

 below, or nearly so, with few markings or none on belly, and subtcrminal tail-bar reduced or 

 obliterated; tail light rufous above; much white in plumage of upper parts. Higli central 

 plains, U. S. and probably adjoining Hritish provinces, E. to Minnesota, Iowa, and even Illi- 

 nois, W. to Wyoming and the Black Hills of S. Dakota, where I liave found it well developed. 

 It is the opposite extreme from cah(rns. 



B. b. calu'rus. (Gr. KaXoj, kalos, beautiful ; ovpa, oura, tail.) Western Red-tail. 

 Black Red-tail. The extreme case is chocolate- brovvu or even darker, quite unicolor, with 

 ri(di red tail crossed by sevoral black bars; from which erythro-melanisui grading insensibly 

 into ordinary borealis. The usual case is increas(^ over borealis of dark rufous and dusky 

 shades in bars and spots underneath, particularly on flanks, flags, and crissum, and presence 

 of other than the subterminal black bar on tail. One case is chocolate-brown, with a great 

 reddish blotch on breast corresponding in extent to the white area of borealis proper. Western 

 N. Am. at large, particularly U. S. from Rocky Mts. to the Pacific. This bird is Falco buteo 

 AuD. Orn. Biogr. iv, p. 508, as described in the text, but not his pi. 372, whicii is B. sicainsoni. 

 It is B. montanun Cass. IB.iG, and in Bd. B. N. A. 1858, ]>. 2G, but not of Nuttai.l, 1840. 

 It is B. swainsonii Cass. Hi. 1853, }>, 98, not of Bonaparte. The first tenable name is B. 

 calurus Cass. 1855 and 1858. 



B. b. <' lucasa'nus." (Of Cape St. Lucas.) St. Lucas Red-tail. A light-cidored form, 

 like krideri, white below, tinged with rufous on the tibite, and no bhick subterminal bar on 

 the tail. Lower California. No second specimen, matching the type, has been found in this 

 region, whcvi^ calurus abounds; the alleged characters are an iu^lividual ])eculiarity, and the 

 bird should be dropped from our Lists. 



B. linea'tus. (Lat. lineatus, striped.) Red-shouldered Blzzard. Wintkk Hawk. 

 " Chicken Hawk." "Hen Hawk." Adult ^ <^ : Feet and cere chrome yellow; anterior 

 tarsal scales tinged with greenish. General plumage of a rich fulvous cast. Above, reddish- 

 brown, the feathers with dark brown centres, giving the prevailing tone, and black shafts ; head, 

 neck, and entire under parts orange-brown, mostly with dark shaft-lines and wliite bars, espe- 

 cially on the lower parts anteriorly ; lesser wing-coverts rich orange-brown or chestnut, fonning 

 a conspicuous area on bend of wing. Quills and tail-feathers black, beautifully marked with 

 white ; primaries and secondaries with white spots or bars on both webs terminating on each edge 

 of the feather, the light bars which cross the feather, and the darker intervening spaces, being 

 Tnore or less touched with reddish. The same style of marking on wing-coverts ; tail crossed 

 with several iiaiinw white bars, an<l tip wliite. Young: Very difi"erent ; little or no fulvous 

 or orange-brown; above, plain dark brown ; wing-patch indicated or not; head, neck, and un- 

 der parts white or buffy-white, fully streaked or arrow-headed with dark brown. Tail brown, 

 crf)ssed with many lighter and darker bars, former mostly tawny on outer webs, wliitish on 

 inner wel)s; wing-([uills extensively variegated in similar pattern. Length of ^ IS.OO-'Jd.tM) ; 

 extent alnnit 40.00; wing 11.50-13.50; tail 7..")0-!t.00 ; tarsus 2 75-3.25; 9 20.00-22.(M» ; 

 extent about 45. (»0; winy 12.00-14.00; tail 8.50-10.00. There is much variation in size ; 

 Florida and (iulf specimens are very small. Nearly as hmg as borealis, but not nearly so 

 lieavy ; tarsi more cxtensivtdy denuded. The adult of this hand.sonie Hawk is unmistak- 

 alde; but the student may require to loidt dosidy after tlie young, in comparison with young 

 Ik'rd-tails: observe smaller size and slighter "build," slenderer and less feathered feet, more 

 extensive and regular streaking on the under parts, where tliere is no pectoral area free from 



