columbidjE — zenaidinxE: ground doves. 715 



West. Nest in trees (usually low tlown), cactus or bushes, or on ihe ground or a cliff. Eggs 

 2, or only 1, white, equal-ended, averaging 1.12 X 0.82; 2 or even 3 broods in the South. 

 During the mating season, where these birds are numerous, their cooing resounds on every 

 hand. (Z. carolinensis of former editions of the Key, as of most authors, after Columba caro- 

 linensi!^ Lixx. 17G(), based on Catesbv, pi. 24, 1754; C. mun/inata Lkw. 17(J(i, based on 

 Edwards, pi. lo, 1750; C. macroura Lixx. 1758, in so far as based on Edwards.) 

 ZENAI'DA. (A proper name, that of Zeuaide, cousin and wife of Prince C. L. Bonaparte.) 

 Love Doves. Tail rounded, shorter than wings, of 12 feathers. "Wings long, pointed by 2d 

 and 3d quills; 1st little shorter. Bill short, slender, black. Feet as in other ZenaiVZin^ ; tarsus 

 intermediate in length between middle and lateral toes ; those of unequal length, inner a little 

 the longer. Circumorbital space little bare. Metallic iridescence on neck ; blue-black ear- 

 spot, and others on wings. Sexes similar. (West Indian and Tropical American.) 

 Z. zeiiai'da. Zenaida Dove. Adult $ ? : Olive-gray with a reddish tinge ; crown and 

 nnder parts vinaceous-red ; sides and a.xillars bluish ; a velvety-black subauricular spot, and 

 others on wing-coverts and tcrtiaries ; secondaries tii)pc(l with white; neck with purplish 

 metallic lustre; middle tail-feathers like back, others bluisli with whiter tips, a black band 

 intervening ; bill black with crimson corners of mouth ; iris brown ; feet red ; claws black. 

 Length 10.00- II. 00; wing 6.00; tail 4.00. West Indies, Yucatan, and Florida Keys, the 

 latter irregularly, and only as a rare summer visitor, but breeding. Nest usually on the 

 ground; eggs 2. white, 1.25 X 0.95. (Z. amabilis of former editions of the Key, as of most 

 authors; Columba zenaida Bp. 1825. According to Sharpe, II. L. 1808, p. 7G, this is C. 

 meridionalis Lath. 1801, wrongly ascribed to " New Holland."' Cf. Salvad. Br. Mus. Cat. 

 x.\-i, 180.3, ].. ()4I ; Forbes & Robins., Bull. Liverp. Mus. i, p. 3G.) 



3IKLOPKLI'A. ((jlr. ^eXos, melos, melody; rriXfia, i^eleia, a dove.) Wiiite-wixged Doves. 

 Tail rounded, shorter tlian wing, of 12 broad, rounded feathers. Wings pointed ; 1st, 2d, and 

 3d primaries nearly e(jual and longest. Bill slender and lengthened, equalling tarsus, black. 

 A large bare circumorbital space. A blue-black spot below auriculars, but none on wings ; 

 neck with metallic lustre. A great white space on wing. Feet as in other Zenaiditue. Sexes 

 similar. 



31. leucop'tera. (Gr. \evK6s, leiicos, white; irrepov, pteron, wing.) White- wiXGED Dove. 

 SiXGiX(r Dove. Adult ^: Wing with a broad white bar oblique from carpal joint to ends of 

 longest coverts, continued by white edging at and near ends of outer webs of secondaries ; very 

 conspicuou-s recognizable at gun-shot range. Lower back and rump, some of the middle cov- 

 erts, lining of wings, and entire under parts from breast, fine lii^ht bluish-ash. Primaries 

 blackish with narrow white edging. Tail, excepting two middle feathers, slaty-blue, becoming 

 gradually slaty-black, then broadly and squarely tipped with ashy-white. General color of 

 back, lesser wing-coverts, inner quills, and middle tail-feathers, olive-bn)wn with some lustre; 

 tail-feathers browner ; top of head and back of neck purplish-vinous with a slight glaucous 

 sliade ; sides of neck iridescent with golden-green ; a vi(det or steel-blue spot below auriculars. 

 r.ill black, very slender. Length U.25-12.25; extent 10.00-20.00; wing (;.(MMi..-)0 ; tail 

 4.()0-4..')0 ; bill 0.87; tarsus 0.87; middle toe and claw 1.25. 9 scarcely distinguishalile, 

 tlmugli duller. In tiic youngest, the white wing-bar appears, though there is little or no pur- 

 plish, or iridescence, or blue-black below ears. Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and 

 Lower C'alifurnia, and southward to Central America, and the West Indies; sometimes X. to 

 (''>lnrado (CouEs), breeding anywhere along our stiutliern border, and abundant in suitabli* 

 luciilities. In the breeding .season, March-June, the sonorous coning of this PtilmiKi cuntadnr, 

 as the Mexicans call it, is incessant. Nest in bushes and low trees, slight ant! frail, uf sticks 

 Mild weeds ; eggs 2, rarely 1, white or creamy, averaging 1.18 X 0.88, or a trille more. 

 <'<)l.l>II{KiALH'NA. ( L.it. cohtinha, a dove, ])igeon, and galliun, a hen : tfallits, n cock.) 

 DwAKi' Doves. Verv siiiaii. Wings short and broad, with elonuali'd inner secondaries, 



