734 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS. — GALLING — ALECTOROPODES. 



C. frank'lini. (To Sir John Franklin, of Arctic fame and sorrow. Fig. 494.) Franklin's 

 Spruce Grouse. Size, shape, and wiiole appearance of the foregoing. Tail rather longer, 

 more nearly even, with broader feathers ; lacking terminal orange-brown bar; tipped narrowly 

 with white, and its upper coverts broadly tipped with pure white, making upper side of tail 

 conspicuously spotty. Kocky and other mountains of western U. S., northerly, in Montana, 

 Idaho, Oregon, and Washington ; N. to the sources of the Saskatchewan, Athabasca, and 

 McKenzie Rivers in British America, and N. W. in the Pacific coast region through British 

 Columbia to southern Alaska, about lat. 60°. It abounds in tlie huge nest of mountains which 

 occupy most of Idaho, where it was discovered by Lewis and Clark in 1805, as described 

 but not technically named by them in ]814 ; see CoUES, History of the Expedition, ed. of 1893, 

 p. 870. It was rediscovered in Oregon and Washington by David Douglas, who named it 

 Tetrao franklini in Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi, 1829, p. 139; figured by Bonaparte, Am. Orn. iii, 

 1830, pi. 30; best figured by Swainson, F. B. A. 1831, pi. 61 ^J, 62 ?. The difl!"erence from 



C. canadensis is parallel with that of Dendragapus richardsoni as c(jmpared with D. obscurus, 

 but seem to be pushed to specific characters, as intergrades are unknown. In habits the coun- 

 terpart of C. canadensis : eggs undistinguishable. This bird shares with some others the name 

 " fool hen," given in consequence of their innocence, and the insouciance with which they per- 

 mit approach so nearly that they may often be killed with a stick. (Canace canadensis frank- 

 lini of previous eds. of the Key. Dendragapus (canachites) franklinii, A. 0. U. Lists, 

 1886-95. Canachites franklinii, A. 0. U. Suppl. List, Auk, Jan. 1899, p. 107, No. 299. 

 DENDRA'GAPUS. (Gr. 8ev8pov, dendron, a tree ; dyaTraio, agapao, I love.) Dusky 

 Grouse. Characters of Canachites, for the most part, but tail normally of 18-20 feathers, 

 rarely 16 or 22, and a well-developed naked space on each side of the neck, ordinarily covered 

 by a bunch of special feathers, but capable of inflation into a hollow drum or tympanum. 

 Size large: wing over 8.00. Meat of breast dark. Eggs fewer than in Canachites, and less 

 heavily colored. One Western species, with two subspecies. 



Analysis of Subspecies. 



Tail black, with distinct slate-colored end. 



Under parts clear bluish-slate color. Rocky Mts., etc., southerly ohscurus 



Under parts sooty plumbeous. Alaska fuliginosus 



Tail black, with indistinct or no slate-colored end. Rocky Mts., etc., northerly richardsoni 



D. obscu'rus. (Lat. obscurus, dark.) Dusky Grouse. Blue Grouse. Gray Grouse. 

 Pine Grouse. Pine Hen. Old cock : Back and wings blackish-brown, finely waved and 

 vermiculated in zigzag with slate-gray, mixed with more or less ochrey-brown and some white 

 on scapulars. Long feathers of sides with white ends and shaft-stripes ; other under parts fine 

 bluish-gray or light slate color, varied with white, especially on lower belly, flanks, and vent- 

 feathers. Cheeks black ; chin and throat finely speckled with black and white. Though the 

 lateral feathers of the neck are smooth and simple, forming no decided tufts as in Tympanuchus 

 or Bonasa, they are somewhat enlarged, covering a naked tympanum : these feathers with 

 snowy white bases and black tips. Tail brownish-black, veined and marbled with gray, and 

 with a broad slate-gray terminal bar, 1.00-1.50 wide ; normally of 20 feathers, broad to their 

 very ends ; tail as a whole slightly rounded. Bill black ; iris brown-orange; comb over eye, 

 and neck-drum yellow. Size very variable ; well-grown cocks usually 20 or 22 inches, some- 

 times up to 2 feet long ; extent of wings about 30 inches ; wing 9 or 10 ; tail 7 or 8 ; weight 

 up to 3J lbs. Hen smaller ; length 17 to 19 inches ; wing 9 or less; tail 6 or less ; coloration 

 lighter, more extensively varied with white and tawny ; but showing distinctive slate-gray of 

 under parts, and slate bar at end of tail. Pullets like hen, but upper parts wdth hammer- 

 headed white shaft-lines. Tail with white shaft-lines enlarged at end, also marked on some 

 of the feathers with wavy blackish crossbars. Chicks in the down whitish below, above mixed 



