TETRAONID/E: GROUSE. 739 



been so called, and are said to be " above more rusty or ochraceous." I record the name with- 

 out further remark: Pedioccctes pliasianellus campestris ViiuQW . Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash., April, 

 1884, p. 93; A. O. U. No. 308 6. 



TYMPANU'CHUS. (Gr. rvfinavov, tumpanon, Lat. tympanum, a sort of kettledrum or 

 tambourine, such as was used by Corybautcs in the orgies of Cybele and Bacchus, also an ear- 

 drum, tympanum, etc. ; and e;((u, echo, I have or hold.) PiN-N£CK GiiousE. Prairie Hens 

 proper. Cl'PIdoxias. Neck with a peculiar tuft of loose, lengthened feathers on each side, 

 like little wings, fancied to resemble those worn by Cupid instead of clothes, beneath which is 

 a circular tympanum of bare, yellow skin, capable of great distension, like half of a small 

 orange. Head with a sliglit soft crest. Tarsi scant-feathered to toes in front and on sides, 

 bare on a strip behind ; toes extensively webbed at base. Tail short, rounded, of 18 broad 

 stiflish feathers, with obtusely rounded ends. Sexes nearly alike in size, form, and color; plu- 

 mage below barred transversely. Meat of breast dark. Eggs plain or scarcely marked, very 

 numerous. Three species, one of them with a slight variety, of prairie, perfectly terrestrial. 

 (Cnpidonia Eeicii., 1852, of most authors, as of all previous editions of the Key; antedated by 

 Tijmpanuchus Gloger. 1842.) 



Analysis of Spficies. 



Mabtha's Vineyard Bikd. Feathers of neck-wiiigs few, lance-acute cupido 



Feathers of neck-wings many, lance-obtuse. 

 The Common Bibd. Tarsal feathers hiding the bare strip. Dark bars above black and broad ; top of head mostly 



blackisli americantts 



Texas Bird. Tarsi very scant-feathered, the bare strip exposed. Dark bars above brown and narrow ; top of head 



little blackish pnllidicinclus 



T. oupi'do. (The tufts on the neck likened to conventional " Cupid's wings.") Pinnated 

 Grol.se of Martha's Vineyard. Heath Hen of Massachusetts. Brewster's 

 Cupiuo. Resembling closely the common bird next to be described, but apparently distinct, 

 and now isolated geographically. Adult (J : Ground color above light reddish-brown or rusty; 

 scapulars spotted with whitish tips of the feathers; below, rusty white with dark reddish-brown 

 bars in excess; feet cinnamon-brown mottled with white. "Neck-tufts composed of from 

 •3 to 5 narrow, acutely lance-pointed, stitlened feathers, with about the same number of over- 

 laj)i)ing coverts." Smaller than tlie common bird; weight considerably less ; wing 8.35. 9 still 

 smaller; wing hardly 8.00; darker and rustier, the bars on the under parts dull black; tiiil 

 dark (dove-brown with many fine irregular rusty bars. A woodland bird, inhabiting scrub oak 

 and i)ine tracts, now entirely confined to Martha's Vineyard, formerly ranging over nmch of 

 the U. S., E. of the AUeglianies, from Massachusetts to "Virginia." Eggs in June and July, 

 drab, unmarked, 1.70 X 1-30. Tetrao cupido LiNN. in part (in so far as based on Catesbyand 

 supposed to be Virginian and as now restricted). Cupidonia cupido Brewst. Auk, Jan. 1885, 

 p. 82. Cupidonia cupido bretvsteri Coles, Key, 1887, 3d ed. p. 884. Ti/mpanuchus cupido 

 KiD(;w. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1885, p. 355. A. 0. U. Check List, 1886-95, No. 3(K3. 

 T. ainerieu'iius. (Lat. American. Figs. 490, 497.) Common Pinnated Groise. Prai- 

 rie Hi;n or Chicken. Adult ^ 9 • Above, variegated with black, brown, tawny, or ochrey, 

 and wiiite, the latter especially on wings; below, pretty regularly barred with dark brown, 

 white, and tawny, in about eciual amounts; throat tawny, a little sj)eckled, or not; vent and 

 crissum mostly white; quills fu.scons, witli white spots on outer webs; tail fuscous, with nar- 

 row or imperfect white or tawny bars and tips ; feet plain. Sexes alike in c«dor, but 9 smalltT, 

 witli .shorter neck-tufts. Lcni.nh 10. 00-18. (M); extent about 28.(M) ; wing 8.(M)-9.(M) ; tail ab..ut 

 4. .")(); tarsus ratlier over, middle toe and claw ratlier under, 2.00; neck-tnfls 2.(M)-.3.5() inclios 

 long, little lanceolate or almost parallel-edged to tlieir obtuse or broad rounded ends; the longer 

 slitf ones 7-10 in nuuilicr. witii as many more short ones. Tliis well-known bird formerly nuiged 

 across miicli of tlie U. S., in »\mi country, to the Atlantic coast in some latitudes. It is 



