824 



S YS TEMA TIC S YNOPSIS. — LIMICOLM. 



KUDDY 



to exist to date. Greely's egg, cut from oviduct, later lost, was 1.10 X 1-00, sea-green, closely 

 dotted with i)in-heads of brown ; probably immature. 



CALI'DKIS. (Gr. Ka\lhpi^, kalidris, Lat. calidris, name of some beach bird, perbaps this 

 one Fi<r 574 ) Sani.erlings. Bill stout, straight, about as long as head or tarsus; tip 

 thickened"^ expanded, and rather hard, culmen just behind it somewhat concave. Nostrils far 

 forward. Wings long, pointed ; tail short, doubly emarginate, central feathers projecting. 

 Tibiae bare for § the length of tarsus ; toes very short, widely margined. No hind toe. (Gen- 

 eral characters of Tringa proper, but 3-toed. See fig. 39.) One species. 

 C. arena'ria. (Lat. arenaria, relating to arena, sand. Fig. 575.) Sanderling. 

 " Plovkr." Adult cJ 9 , in summer : Entire upper parts and neck all around variegated with 

 black, liirht ashy and brisht reddish ; on back and scapulars each feather having a central black 

 field, and bein- broadly margined and tipped with ashy or reddish. Under parts white, immac- 

 ulate. Outer webs and tipsV primaries deep brownish-black, inner light ashy. A white spot 



at base of inner prima- 

 ries. Secondaries mostly 

 ^ pure white; outer vanes 

 and part of inner on 

 the latter half, dusky. 

 Greater coverts dusky, 

 broadly tipped and nar- 

 rowly edged with pure 

 white. Rump, upper 

 tail-coverts, and central 

 tail-feathers dusky, 

 tipped and narrowly 

 edged with ashy-white ; 

 lateral tail-feathers very 

 light ash, nearly white. 

 Bill and feet black. 

 Length 7.50-8.00; ex- 

 tent 15.00-16.00; wing 

 4.90; tail 2.25; bill 

 about 1 .00 ; tarsus rather 

 less ; middle toe and claw 0.75. Adults in winter : No traces of reddish. Upper parts very light 

 ash or pale pearly-gray, each feather fading into white on the edge, with a narrow shaft-line of 

 dusky, and some of the wing-coverts usually darker than the rest ; scapulars dusky, edged with 

 whitish. Entire under parts pure white. In a usual immature dress (and that of the adults 

 during the spring change) there are traces of the reddish on upper parts generally, and ou 

 breast. Each feather above brownish-black, regularly indented and tipped with ashy-white, 

 thus giving to the upper parts the appearance of being evenly mottled. There is a buff tinge 

 on breast, and also on tips of rump feathers; bend of wing is nearly as dark as in adult. At 

 all times the under parts from the jugulum are pure white. But in any plumage the Sander- 

 ling is instantly recognized by its having no hind toe. A typical beach bird. Inhabits the 

 sea coasts of nearly all countries at some seasons ; North America at large in migrations, and 

 southerly during winter, abundant coastwise, also in the interior (m large bodies of water ; win- 

 tering from California and Virginia to Chili and Patagonia. Breeds only in high latitudes ; nest 

 and eggs discovered by R. Macfarlaiie in June, 1863, near Franklin Bay ; one of these (figured 

 by Newton, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 56, pi. 4, fig. 2) measured 1.43 X 0.98; coloration pale olive- 

 brown, finely spotted with dark brown, the markings heavier and more intricate at the butt; 

 other specimens from our Arctic coast (Feildeu, Ibis, 1877, p. 406), from east coast of Green- 

 land, and it is believed from Iceland ; eggs usually 4. 



-Sanderling, J uat. size. (From Brehm.) 



