ANATID^E — FULIGULIN.E: SEA DUCKS. 



931 



feet livid bluisli-gray, with dusliy webs. Above at large dusky-gray or blackish, with white 

 speculum on outer webs only of 5 or G secondaries ; below white, shaded into dark along sides 

 and across fore breast and lower belly. Thus a very small insignificant-looking Duck, but 

 easily recognized on that very score; notice tlap of hind toe, livid feet, dark bill, white spot 

 on dark head behind eye, etc. Length of $ 9 12.25-15.00; e.xtent 22.00-25.00; wing 6.00- 

 7.00; tarsus 1.10-1.24; middle toe and claw 2.00-2.25 ; bill 1.00, along gape 1.40; ? at or 

 about the lesser of these dimensions. North America at large, and casual in Europe; U. S. 

 in winter, one of the most abundant Ducks; also to Cuba and Mexico; breeds from Maine, 

 Iowa, Montana to high latitudes. The 

 drake in full feather is one of the hand- 

 somest Ducks, dressed in broad black and 

 white in artistic contrast, to say noth- 

 ing of the brilliancy of the head. Notcil 

 for its adroitness in diving to escape ;i 

 shot, as smartly as a Grel)e, and on that 

 account known in some of our elegant 

 vernacular as "hell-diver" and "devil- 

 diver," as well as by divers other nanus 

 of Grebes, as Dipper, Dapper, Dopixr. 

 Diedapper, Water-witch, etc. The flessli 

 is little esteemed, so it is iust as well there 



' •' . Fig. i;.VJ. - l',utll.-ln':..l.-.l Duck. 



is so little of it. Nest feathery, in a tree ; 



eggs up to 14, ellipsoidal, about 2.00 X 1.50, in tint buffy-drab (between grayish-olive and 



rich creamy-white). {Bucephala alheola Bd. 1858; CouES, 1872, original edition of Key; 



Clangula alheola of later editions. Charitonetta alheola A. 0. U. Lists. There is certainly 



some difference from Clangitla proper; but not so much as there is between Aristonetta and 



^thyia ; and as the A. 0. U. declines to give Aristonetta full generic rank, so do I continue 



to allow this form to bear the name it has usually borne since 1824, and is likely to bear for 



an indefinite period.) 



IIAVKL'DA. (New Latin Harelda Stei'H. 1824, by a miswritiug or misprint of Havelda Eay, 



]7i;i, Latinized from hdvelle, "the common Icelandic name for the bird, having reference to 



the trilling sound of its musical notes," Newt. Diet. p. 406; harelldn and havelld also found 



in WoRMUS, WilhTtHBY, and Chakleto.n; Englished hareld Stepii. 1824, and corruptly 



herald. If we consider it a misprint, A. 0. U. rules allow us to correct it to Havelda.) 



Havelds. SiXGixtt Ducks. Loxg-tail Ducks. Bill shorter than head, about as long 



as tarsus, high at base, nearly parallel-sided to the rounded cud occu})ied by the broad nail ; 



upper lateral angles obsolete, the feathers sweeping obliquely downward from those on culmen ; 



those <if cliin reaching about opposite nostrils, which are placed higlj up in basal lialf of bill ; 



commissure ascending near end, then decurved into tlio prominent nail. Tail of 14 feathers, 



in (J as long as wing by excessive elongation of the narrow middle feathers (more so than iu 



iJtiJild or Anatinfp) : ^ scapulars also long lance-linear, jirodiiced straight over tlie wing. 



Sexual and seasonal plumages unlike. C'rissinn white; no wliite on wing nor any speculum ; 



coloration chiefly black, white, and Itrown, with reddish on l>ack iu summer. One species. 



(Clangidn! A. 0. U. Lists, 188(i-!>5 ; llanllaA.O. U. Hth Snppl. List, 18!t7: for the pn. per 



use of Chtngala Leach, 181!>, see under that head, antea, p. !>28.) 



II. hienia'lis. (Lat. of or ix'rtaining to hieins, winter wintry: a]>plied to this species by 



LlNN. .Syst. Nat. 17.18, ]>. 126, and 1766, ]>. 202, in one j)lnmage; it being called by Idui iu 



another jdumage glacialis, the name which has been most frecpiently u.sod, as in former editions 



of the Key.) ].,()N(;-t aii.kd DrcK. Lonc.-taii.ei) Hakei,i>. Sw \i.i.<iw-TAir.i:i) Duck. 



SdUTii-.soUTiir.ui.v. Sou rii-S()UTiiEULANi«. (»i.i> NN'iri;. <>i.i> Sgi aw. <)i.i> In.m n. 



