AXATID.E — FULIGULIN^E: SEA DUCKS. 



943 



Young $ resembling 9. 9 : Sooty-brown, paler below, becoming grayish-white on belly, 

 there chinky-specldeti, <.n sides and Hanks dnsky-waved ; throat and sides of head mostly con- 

 tinuous pale gray or whitish, not in special spots; bill blackish, not bulging; feet livid oliva- 

 ceous with black webs. Ducklings covered with dusky l)rown down, lighter grayish-browu 

 on belly, and whitish nii 

 tliroat. Linigth 17. 00- 

 21.00; extent 80.00- 

 .3().00; wing 8.00-10.00; 

 tail 4.00; tarsus 1.75; 

 middle toe and claw 

 ^25; bill ].7.-i-2.00. 

 9 much smaller than (^; 

 near the lesser figuies 

 given. DiHers from 

 European Qi. nigra in 

 shape and color of the 

 protuberance on bill (if 

 ^, and more hooked 

 miil. X(irth America, 

 cliietly coastwise, but 

 also on large inland waters ; U. S. in winter, generally in large flocks or rafts, not very .suuth- 

 «rly, chietly the northern half of the States, though I have shot it in North Carolina; common 

 (m N. Atlantic coast; on Pacific to S. California; breeds in Labrador and from Hudson Bay 

 to the Arctic, and on Aleutians and islands and Alaskan coast of Bering Sea. EggsG-10, 2..')0 

 X 1-60, pale buff, June and July, in a nest with neutral-gray, light-centred down. The bufly 

 eggs of Scoters are quite unlike the grayish-green eggs of their relatives the Eiders. (X. B. The 

 upper fig. 662 shows extent of feathers under bill — to first acute angle from the left — and 

 shape of mandibular rami, reaching to next obtuse re-entrance.) 



Fio. 002 



Feni'iU' Blaok Scoter. (Ad. luit. dt-1. K. c. 



(Subgenus Mklani-ita. ) 



CE. fus'ca. (Lat. /».<tcrf, dusky; but the adult (^ is black.) Europfan Velvet Scoter. 

 TIh; tru(^ Scoter of Europe and Asia has occurred in Oreenland, and therefore enters our fauna 

 as an extralimital species. It is distinguished fmm the .\nierican Velvet Scoter, CE. deglandi, 

 by a somewhat difierent outline of the feathers upon the base of the upper mandible, as the 

 hiral featliers do not advance so far toward the nostrils. In other res]>ects like the next spe- 

 cies. This is tiie "velvet" Scoter of the A. 0. U. Li.sts, 188(5 and 18!ir), No. [Iti-I]. 

 (K. deglaiKi'i. (To C- I). Degland, author of a work on European birds published in 184!'.) 

 A.MERicAN Velvet Scoter. Velvet Duck. Wiiitk-winckd Sike Duck or Sea 

 Coot or Scoter. Black ^ or Gray 9 Whttk-winc. Pii-d-avinckd Coot. I'nci.e 

 Sam Coot. Bell-tongue Coot, r.ii.i, (Oor. r>i;\Ni' Cndr. Ska ISuant. May 

 WiMTE-wiNii. Assemblyman. Bill shaped as above said. Adult ^ : IMumage black, paler 

 below ; a white speculum, formed by most of the secondaries and tips 4if greater coverts ; a small 

 white spot under and behind eye. Iris jiearly or dead white. Feet orange or carmine-red, with 

 black webs and joints ; the outer aspect inclining to purplish-pink, the other side to the carmine 

 hue with the orange tint. Hill black at base, this color e.xtending on the hiu>h and along the 

 edges to the nail ; sides of upper mandible reddish passing to orange on the knob and nail, 

 with a white space between; under mandible black with orange nail. Young ^ rt-.-^embles 9- 

 Adult 9 : '^'11 I< •'^-^ bulging, entirely dark or blackish ; eyes dark brown ; feet much paler than 

 in the (J, rather tlesh clnr. somcwhiit ..l.^.'ni.,!, tl.-' w.-b< bl i.-k ,is l...|'.,n.. I'liiiiiai:e sooiy-brown 



