LAPdDJL — LARINuE: GULLS, 985 



plumage and color of bill and feet ; slightly smaller, on an average, but main dimensions over- 

 lapping the minima of those of glaiicus, and I am at a loss to see upon what grounds it has 

 been rated as a species. Measurements assigned by the describer are : Length " about " 25.00- 

 28.00; wing 16.25-18.00; tail 7.00-7.50 ; culmen 1.88-2.30 ; depth of bill at base 0.70-0.80, 

 at angle 0.72-0.85; tarsus 2.40-2.78; middle toe and claw 2.:3.5-2.75. Eggs 3.05 X 2.03. 

 The somewhat smaller bill and feet seem to be the only appreciable distinction. Point Bar- 

 row on the Arctic Ocean, through Bering Sea to Japan in winter. Ridgw. Auk, July, 1886, 

 p. 330; Man. 1887, p. 26; A. 0. U. List, 2d ed. 1895, No. 42.1. See CouKS, Key, 4th ed. 

 18L»0, p. 906, and Saunders, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxv, 1896, p. 292. 



L. leucop'terus. (Gr. XfUKos, leucos, white ; irrepov, 2}teron, wing.) White-winged Gull. 

 Iceland Gull. Precisely like L. glaucus in plumage, but smaller. Length 24.00, rather less 

 than more ; wing 16.00-17.00 ; bill along culmen 1.75-2.00, along gape about 2.75 ; depth at 

 angle 0.65 ; tarsus 2.00-2.25, not longer than middle toe and claw. Eggs 2.80 X 1 .90. This 

 counterpart of glaucus inhabits the same northerly regions, coming south to the same degree 

 in winter. It appears to be much less characteristic of North America than of Europe. 

 L. glauces'cens. (Lat. glaucescens, growing blui.sh.) Glaucous-winged Gull. Like a 

 Herring Gull with the black of the primaries washed out ; primaries of the color of the mantle 

 to the very tips, which are occupied by definite small white spots ; the 1st also with a large 

 white subterminal spot. Bill long and rather weak ; upper mandible acute and projecting 

 considerably beyond tip of tlie under; convexity near end comparatively slight; angle pretty 

 well defined, outline between it and tip about straight. Tarsus rather longer than middle toe 

 and claw. Length about 27.00: wing 1(5.75; bill along culmen 2.25; gape 3.25 ; depth at 

 angle 0.70 ; tarsus 2.60; middle toe and claw 2.50. Adult $^, in summer : Bill light yel- 

 low, witli an orange spot at angle of lower mandible, and often a dusky one just above it. 

 Mantle pearl-blue, of about tlie same shade as in argentatus or smithsonianus. First primary 

 at base not appreciably lighter tlian body of feather, Avith a large well-defined white spot on 

 both webs near end, separated from the white tip by a transverse band of the color of body of 

 feather ; 2d, 3d, and 4th, basal portions notably lighter than the terminal, fading into pure 

 Avhite at their juncture with the latter, without spots except at tips; 5th, 6th, basal portions 

 tlie color of back, fading into white near end, separated from the white apices by a band, nar- 

 rowest on 6th, of the color of outer primaries. Inner primaries like secondaries, with ]>lain 

 broadly white ends. Feet light fiesh-color. Adult (J 9 , in winter : Head, neck, and breast 

 thickly clouded (not streaked or spotted) witli liglit grayish-dusky ; throat mostly immaculate. 

 Approaching maturity : Bill dark-colored, yellowish along the culmen and gouys. Wings and 

 tail light grayish-ash, the former without sharply-defined white tips or spots. Under parts 

 generally marked with dusky ; wing-coverts marked with dusky and white. Feathers of back 

 narrowly edged with gray. Intermediate : Bill fiesh-colored, the terminal portion black. 

 Wings and tail darker than in the preceding, especially <m outer webs of the former. Evcry- 

 wliere dusky-gray, more or less mottled with white, the gull-blue of upper parts ajipeariug iu 

 patches of greater or less extent. Young-of-the-year : Bill black. Everywhere grayish-dusky, 

 somewhat mottled with whitish; feathers of back, wings, and upper tail-coverts edged, tipped, 

 and cro.ssed with more or le.ss regular transverse bars of grayisli-white. Downy yoiniir : Bill 

 and feet black ; head and neck dull whitish, spotted with Idackish ; upper parts spotteil with 

 grayish-black and grayish-white; under parts more uniformly gray ; abdomen while. Pacific 

 coast of North America, common from Alaska to California; breeding range from Bering 

 Straits to Juan de Fuca Straits; also on the Asiatic coast to Japan. This is one of the best 

 known Pacific .species. It coiiniiDuly nests on clitrs, sometimes on low grassy ground, June, 

 .luly. Egirs3, 2.90 X 2.00. 



1j. kum'lieni. (To Ludwig Kumiirn.) Kummkn's Gull. Ati.antk GuAV-wiNnED 

 Gull. Adult ^: Like glaucrsceiis; ratlier smaller, with lighter mantle and ditlerent color 



