1064 



SYSTEMA TIC SYNOPSIS. —PYGOPODES — ALC^. 



Fig. 718. — Horned Piiftiu. 



than length of gape ; base of cuhnen and point of gonys both produced far backward, giving a 

 very convex outline of feathers alongside the bill ; sides of bill not distinctly divided into nasal 



compartment and grooved portion, nearly 

 smooth, with only 3 short shallow grooves ; 

 culmen very convex, almost the sextant of a 

 circle ; tip of upper mandible much hooked ; 

 rictus short, that portion in advance of the 

 basal rim of upper mandible only about as 

 long as upper mandible is deep; outline of 

 gonys sinuate, at first convex, then more 

 ascending, with slight concavity ; chord of 

 gonys nearly as long as that of upper man- 

 dible, exclusive of the basal rim or collar. 

 Crown grayish -black, narrowing to a point 

 at base of culmen ; sides of head white; po.st- 

 ocular furrow and sides of lower jaw ashy. 

 A distinct narrow line of white along edge of 

 fore-arm. Upper parts glossy blue-black; 

 a sootier shade of black encircling fore-neck, 

 running forward on throat to bill; other 

 under parts white, except a few elongated 

 blackish feathers on flanks; lining of wings 

 pearly-ash. Bill entirely vermilion, even 

 the basal collar ; edges of eyelids red ; ex- 

 crescence.'^ of eyelids bluish-gray ; iris brown ; feet orange, tlie webs tinged with vermilion ; 

 claws brownish-black ; rosette of mouth bright orange. Length 14.50; extent 24.50; wing 

 7.25; tail 2.75; tarsus 1.10; middle toe and claw 2.00; outer 1.90; inner 1.35; chord of cul- 

 men 2.00; curve 2.25; gape, from basal collar to tip, 1.20 ; chord of gonys 1.75; depth of bill 

 at base 1.80; greatest width 0.60; nostril 0.40; horn over eye 0.35. In winter: Bill sup- 

 posed with good reason to shed 3 symmetrical pieces and 2 pairs of pieces, in all 7, namely, 

 collar at base of upper mandible ; saddle of nasal fossa ; shoe of under mandible ; pair of sub- 

 nasal strips; pair of mandibular strips — if so, all the same as in F. arctica, excepting the 

 prenasal strips. Processes of eyelids fall ; colored ring round eye pales ; rosette of mouth 

 shrivels and pales ; denuded membranous part of bill doubtless blackish ; feet yellow. In 

 any state, the species is easily recognized by extension of black collar to bill. North Pacific, 

 both coasts, and adjoining Polar seas ; S. on the Asiatic side to the Kurile Lslands, on the 

 American to British Columbia ; not known on North Atlantic. Economy in all respects that 

 of the better known species. The single egg seen is dead white, rough, 2.75 X 1-75. 

 F. arc'tica. (Lat. arctica, arctic. Fig. 717.) Common Puffin. Puffin Auk. Labrador 

 Auk. Sea Parrot. Tammy Norie. Coulterneb. Bottlenose. Pope. Adult ^ 9 , 

 in summer : Appendage of upper eyelid upright, obtusely triangular ; of lower eyelid linear, 

 obtuse, horizontal. Bill with moderate convexity of culmen, its height less than chord of cul- 

 men, little more than from posterior border of nostril to tip ; base of culmen and poiut of gonys 

 not produced far backward, leaving but little convex outline of feathers along side of bill ; sides 

 of bill distinctly divided, the anterior, hard, horny, deeply grooved portion differently col- 

 ored from the smooth basal portion; rictus long, that portion in advance of basal rim of upper 

 mandible longer than upper mandible is deep ; outline of under mandible regularly curved from 

 base to tip; chord of gonys shorter than that of culmen. Crown grayish-black, sharply defined 

 against color of sides of head, separated by a slight ashy cervical collar from the dark color of 

 other upper parts ; sides of head, with chin and throat, ashy, nearly white between eyes and 



