1066 S YS TEMA TIC S YNOPSIS. — P Y GOP ODES — AL CM. 



scratches of pale purplish, sometimes with a few splashes of pale yellowish -brown. Nestlings 

 are covered with blackish down, whitish below from the breast. 



F. a. glacia'lis. (Lat. glacialis, icy.) Large-billed Puffin. Glacial Puffin. Spe- 

 cific character of i<^. arctica; size greater; bill especially larger, and differently shaped. Pro- 

 tuberance of upper eyelid higher and sharper. Bill very deep, rising high on forehead, with 

 very convex culinen, dropping nearly perpendicularly at end. Four distinct grooves of upper 

 and three of lower mandible; gonys quite convex. Length 14. .50; extent 26.00; wing 7.25; 

 tail 2.2.5; tarsus 1.20; middle toe and claw 1.90, outer 1.90, inner 1.45; chord of culmen 2.40, 

 its arc 2.(30, the ordinate 0.45; depth of bill at base 1.70; gape 1.50; gonys 1.60; greatest 

 width of bill 0.65; nasal slit 0.45. Polar seas; Novaya Zemlya; Spitzbergen ; northern 

 Greenland. Not authentic as occurring in the U. S. The seasonal changes are the same as 

 those of i^. arctica. This subspecies was originally described by Temminck, Man. Orn. 2d ed. 

 ii, 1820, p. 933, and figured by Naumann in Oken's Isis, 1821 , p. 782, pi. 7, fig. 2, as Mormon 

 glacialis Leach; it was afterward taken up in Stephens' Gen. Zotil. xiii, 1825, p. 40, pi. 4, 

 fig. 2, as Fratercnla glacialis. 



LiUN'DA. (Skandinavian lunde; "one of the many local names of the Puffin, and doubtless 

 that from which Lundy, the island in the Bristol Channel, is called," Newton.) Tufted 

 Masking Puffin. Generic character of Fratercnla, excepting crest, eyelids, and details ot 

 bill. A long tuft of feathers on each side of head. Eyelids not appendaged. Nostrils very 

 small, linear, marginal. Upper mandible divided into distinct but not differently colored com- 

 partments ; its base with a deciduous raised rim or collar, perforated for passage of feathers as 

 in Fratercnla, but not so prominent, and deciduous smooth basal saddle not so distinctly sep- 

 arated from ridged part of bill beyond, where are .3 well marked, widely separated, curved 

 grooves, concave forward (the reverse oi Fratercnla) . Culmen arched in two separate curves; 

 basal one surmounted by a prominent widened ridge-pole, ending abruptly; terminal one 

 sharp, strongly convex to hooked tip of bill. Lower mandible with sides perfectly smooth 

 throughout; gonys at first descending, then rounding upward, thence about straight to tip; 

 base with a narrow deciduous border ; ordinarily no evidence of existence of a deciduous shoe. 

 The parts of the bill moulted are : basal collar ; nasal saddle ; pair of subnasal strips ; mandibu- 

 lar shoe; basal strip — 3 large symmetrical pieces and 2 pairs of small lateral pieces, in all 7. 

 (Thus as in F. arctica, lacking only the pair of prenasal strips ; thus exactly as supposed to be 



the case in F. corniculata. The loss 

 of the pieces of the upper mandible 

 makes the same difference in the bill 

 as occurs in F. arctica; but the moult 

 of the mandibular shoe effects less 

 change in the appearance of the bill.) 

 One species. Pacific. 

 L. cirra'ta. (Lat. cirrata, having 

 curly locks. Figs. 719, 720, 721.) 

 Tufted Puffin. Adult J 9 » in 

 summer : Crests about 4 inches long, 

 straw-yellow, some of the posterior 

 feathers black at base ; these bundles 

 of silky, glossy plumes with very 



Fig. 720. — Bill of 2/0H«^ Tufted Puffin, nat. size. ,,. , r , i i i 



delicate shafts and loosened webs; 

 they chiefly sprout from what corresponds to the furrow in the plumage of F. arctica. Face 

 white, broadly of this color on sides of head to beyond eyes (as far as the crests), narrowly 

 across forehead and chin ; bill thus entirely surrounded by white. Crown between the crests, 

 and entire upper parts, excepting extreme forehead and a line along forearm, glossy blue- 



