1078 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS.— PYGOPODES — ALCjE. 



B. crave'rii. (To F. Craveri. Fig. 736.) Craveri's Murrelet. Resembles the last; 

 differs markedly in having under surface of wings dark. Lower California, both sides, 

 from Cape St. Lucas, N. to Espiritu Santo and Natividad islands, resident; breeding con' 

 fined apparently to the Gulf. Egg 2.00 X 1.40, buff, heavily marked with dark brown. 

 CEPPH'US. (Gr. Ken(j)05, kepphos, a kind of sea-bird.) Black Guillemots. Bill much 

 shorter than head, about equal to tarsus, straight, rather stout, moderately compressed ; cul- 

 men at first straight, then decurved ; gape straight to near tip; gonys short, straight, ascend- 

 ing, about 5- as long as culmen. No nick or groove near tip of upper mandible; its tomial 

 edge scarcely inflected. Nasal fossse large and deep, partially filled with feathers which do not 

 entirely cover nostrils. Feathers salient in rounded outline on side of lower mandible. Tail 

 of 12-14 feathers, little rounded. Tarsus entirely reticulate, slightly shorter than middle toe 

 without claw. Claws compressed, arched, acute, the outer grooved on outer side, the middle 

 dilated on inner edge. No postocular furrow in plumage. Color black, usually with white on 

 head or wing ; bill black ; feet red ; in winter, plumage largely white. Eggs plural, colored. 

 Uria of former editions of the Key. 



Analysis of Species (Adults in Summer). 



Tail of 12 feathers. (Cepphvs proper.) 



A large white mirror on wing above and below, entire ; no white about head. Circumpolar .... mandti 

 A large white mirror on wing above and below, former partly divided ; no white about head. Atlantic grylle 



Tail of 14 feathers. {Pseuduria.) 



A large white mirror on wing above, partly divided ; none below ; no white about head. Pacific . . columba 

 No white mirror on wing ; parts about eye and bill white. Pacific carba 



C. mandt'i. (To Martin Wm. Mandt, in whose Inaugural Dissertation of 1822, p. 30, it was 

 dedicated to him by Lichtenstein.) Mandt's Guillemot. Glacial Guillemot. Sim- 

 ilar to the common Black Guillemot; but white mirror on upper side of wing entire, the 

 greater coverts being white to the very base or nearly so, and therefore not even making a 

 concealed black bar or wedge in the white field ; bill rather smaller. A circumpolar species, 

 S. on the Atlantic coast of North America in winter to Massachusetts, and on the Alaskan 

 coast to Norton Sound ; breeding range from Labrador and Hudson's Bay northward. Uria 

 mandtii Licht. as just said. Cepphus mandtii Bp. 1856; A. 0. U. 1886-95, No. 28. Uria 

 gryUe, in part, of all former editions of the Key, and perhaps only a subspecies of this. 



C. grylle. (Swedish name of the bird in Gothland. Fig. 737.) Black Guillemot. 

 White Guillemot. White-v^inged Guillemot. Scapular Guillemot. Spotted 

 Greenland Dove. Sea-pigeon. Tysty. Geylle. Adult $ ^ ,'m full dress : Plumage 



sooty-black with a tint of ''invisible" green; 

 wings and tail pure black ; former with a large 

 white mirror on both surfaces. Bill and claws 

 black ; mouth and feet carmine, vermilion or 

 coral red ; eyes brown. This faultless dress- 

 suit is worn only about two months. In Au- 

 gust, the wings and tail fade to gray ; the 

 body-color loses the green gloss ; the white 

 mirror is soiled with brown. When the quills 

 and tail-feathers have fallen, and new ones 



Fig. 737. — Black Guillemot, nat. size. , ~ , ,, . 



partly grown, progress or the moult gives a 

 new clean white mirror, smaller than in midsummer; head and neck all around, rump and 

 under parts, marbled with black and white, the bird looking as if dusted over with flour; back 

 black, the feathers mostly edged with white. Completion of the moult gives the following 

 winter plumage: Wings and tail blp.ck, the white mirror faultless; head and neck all around, 



