SUBTERRANEAN AMPHIPOD STYGONECTES 9 



body excluding appendages, i.e., length from base of the first antenna 

 to base of the telson. 



Deposition of materials. — Holotypes, allotypes, and many of 

 the paratypes designated in this paper have been deposited in the 

 United States National Museiun. The following abbreviations for 

 collections have been used throughout: USNM, United States Na- 

 tional Museum; YPM, Yale Peabody Museiun of Natural History; 

 NMC, National Museum of Canada; LH, personal collection of 

 Leslie Hubricht; JRH, personal collection of the wi'iter. It should 

 be pointed out that all material currently residmg in the Hubricht 

 amphipod collection will be turned over to the United States National 

 Museum within a short period of time (Hubricht, in litt.) . 



Maps, including topographic, physiographic, geologic, and drain- 

 age, have been used extensively in this study. These materials are 

 best mentioned here since they are not cited specifically elsewhere 

 in this paper or included in the bibliography. 



Specific locations for caves mentioned in this paper have not 

 generally been given if such information has been recently published 

 elsewhere. Published cave surveys are available for the States of 

 Pennsylvania (Stone, 1953), Vbginia (Douglas, 1964), West Virginia 

 (Davies, 1958, 1965), Missouri (Bretz, 1956), Maryland (Davies, 

 1950), and Texas (Craun, 1948; White, 1948). A number of booklets 

 and mimeographed periodicals also give descriptions and locations 

 for caves in these areas. Almost every cavernous area covered by 

 this study currently has an active speleological survey, but for con- 

 servation reasons much of the new data accruing from these projects 

 are available only on a restricted basis. 



Terminology 



Ecological. — The term "troglobite" dates to the Schiner system 

 of ecological classification of cavernicoles proposed in the middle 

 1800's and revised and extended by Racovitza (1907), but its usage 

 and application by North American biospeleologists has not always 

 been clear. A recent redefinition and clarification of this term is 

 that of Barr (1963). According to Barr's definition, a troglobite is 

 an obligatory cavernicole, usually distinguished morphologically by 

 regression of pigment and photoreceptors, and frequently by longer, 

 more slender appendages than its epigean congener. Troglobites are 

 restricted to caves, underground waters, and associated solutional 

 cavities. By broad definition, then, all species of the following 

 North American, amphipod genera could be called troglobites: 

 Allocrangonyx, Apocrangonyx, Bactrurus, Stygobromus, and Stygo- 

 nectes; however, one frequently runs into difficulty in attemptmg to 



