FORM AND HABIT: THE WING. 21 



In antarctic seas we find the arctic Auk6 replaced 

 by the Penguins, a group in which all the members are 

 flightless. They are possessed of remarkable aquatic 



Fig. 8.— Great Auk, showing: relatively small wing. (Length of bird, 30 

 inches ; of wing, 5 - 75 inches.; 



powers, and can, it is said, outswim even fish. They 

 nest only on isolated islands, where they are not exposed 

 to the attack of predaceous mammals. 



Among Grebes and Ducks we have illustrations of 

 the way in which swimming birds may become tempo- 

 rarily flightless. With most land-inhabiting birds flight 

 is so important a faculty that any injury to the wings is 

 apt to result fatally. It is necessary, therefore, that 

 the power of flight shall not be impaired. Conse- 

 quently, when molting, the wing-feathers are shed 

 slowly and symmetrically, from the middle of the wing 

 both inwardly and outwardly ; the new feathers ap- 

 pear so quickly that at no time are there more than 

 two or three quills missing from either wing. But the 



