LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN DIVING BIRDS. 81 



Nova Zembla, Kolguev, Spitzbergen, Franz Joseph Land, and New 

 Siberia Islands. 



Winter range. — In North America principally along the seacoast. 

 East to Maine and the Atlantic Coast States. South to Florida 

 (Anclote River). Apparently absent from the rest of the Gulf 

 coast. On the Pacific coast from Puget Sound region of British 

 Columbia and Washington south to California (entire coast and two 

 interior records). It also winters in the Aleutian Islands. Occurs 

 in winter throughout the Great Lakes (New York, Lake Ontario; 

 Indiana; Illinois, near Chicago; Wisconsin and Michigan). Has 

 been taken once in Arizona in winter (near Tucson), and during 

 migration stragglers sometimes occur in Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, 

 Idaho, and Montana. 



Old World birds winter from the British Isles south to Spain and 

 Portugal, the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas, and from 

 Japan to southeastern China and Formosa. 



SpHng migration. — Northward along both coasts of North America 

 and in the interior. South Carolina : April 8. New York : Last of 

 March to June 1. Connecticut: April 30 (latest). Rhode Island: 

 April 27 (average departure). May 22 (latest). Southern Green- 

 land: Sukkertoppen, June 2. Northeastern Greenland, Stormkap, 

 June 8 and 11. Indiana: May 4 and 11 (latest). Michigan: 

 March 3 to April 25 (occasionally May). Alberta: Lily Lake, May 

 2. Mackenzie :Athabaska Lake, June 2 (earliest) ; Great Slave Lake, 

 June 10 (earliest) ; Mackenzie River, near Nahanni River, June 3 

 (earliest). Yukon Territory: Forty Mile, June 15. California: 

 Santa Barbara, April 27. Washington: Lapush, June 11 (latest). 

 British Columbia: Vancouver Island, June 4 (latest). Southeastern 

 Alaska : Forrester Island, May 11 ; Admiralty Island, May 1. North- 

 western Alaska: St. Michael, May 12 to 20 (earliest) ; Point Hope, 

 May 17 (earliest) ; Point Barrow, June 5 (earliest) ; Demarcation 

 Point, June 12. Banks Land: Soon after June 1. Melville Sound: 

 June 16. 



Fall migration. — Southward starting in September. The last in- 

 dividuals were noted in northeastern Siberia: Great Liakoff Island, 

 September 9. Alaska : Point Barrow, August 16 and September 17 ; 

 St. Michael, September 15 to 20. Wellington Channel: August 28. 

 Melville Peninsula: Winter Island, September 14, Northwestern 

 Greenland: Early August to October. Northeastern Greenland: 

 Stormkap, September 4. Yukon Territory : Teslin Lake, October 21. 

 Mackenzie: Fort Franklin, September 22 and 27. Keewatin: Knee 

 Lake, September 9. Birds arrive in Massachusetts : October 1 to 17. 

 New York: September 19 (August 24, earliest). New Jersey: Dela- 

 ware River, October 20. South Carolina : Mt. Pleasant, October 



