LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN GULLS AND TERNS. 255 

 DISTRIBUTION. 



Breeding range. — Circumpolar. In North America, south on the 

 Atlantic coast to Massachusetts (Muskeget Island) ; in the interior 

 south to the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Magdalen Islands), southern 

 Quebec (Point de Monts), southern Mackenzie (Great Slave Lake), 

 southern Yukon (Pelly Lakes and Lake Tagish), and southeastern 

 Alaska (Taku Inlet). The coasts and islands of Bering Sea south 

 to the Aleutian and Commander Islands. North to the Arctic coasts 

 of North America and in the Arctic Archipelago north to 82° north 

 latitude in King Oscar Land, Grant Land, and northern Greenland. 

 In the Eastern Hemisphere, north to 82° north latitude. South in 

 Europe to 50° north latitude ; and in Asia to 52° north latitude. 



Breeding grounds protected in the following national reserva- 

 tions : In Alaska, Aleutian Islands, as Amchitka, Near Islands, Range 

 Island, Semichi. 



Winter range. — Antarctic Ocean, south to 74° south latitude, Wed- 

 dell Sea, and probably Ross's Sea (off Victoria Land, 76° 52' S). 

 Northern limit of winter range unlniown. 



S'pring migration. — Northward along both coasts, often well out at 

 sea. Early dates of arrival : Massachusetts, March 20 to 31 ; Davis 

 Strait, 66° north, April 12; Wellington Channel, June 13; Greenland, 

 81° 30' north, June 16 ; Washington, Crescent Lake, April 15 ; Alaska, 

 St. Michael, April 25 to May 16, and Demarcation Point, May 31. 



Fall migration. — Southward over same routes. Early dates of 

 arrival : California, Point Pinos, August 4 ; Peru, Santa Lucia, Sep- 

 tember 19 ; Chile, Arica, October 4 ; Argentina, Mar del Plata, Octo- 

 ber 21. Late dates of departure : Greenland, 81° 30' north, August 26, 

 and Disco, September 5 ; Wellington Channel, August 29 ; Franklin, 

 Winter Harbor, September 5 ; Keewatin, York Factory, August 28 ; 

 Ungava, Koksoak River, September 15 ; New York, Saratoga, Octo- 

 ber 8 ; Massachusetts, Cape Cod, October 24 to November 9 ; Alaska, 

 Point Barrow, September 9; British Columbia, Okanagan Landing, 

 October. 



Casual records. — Accidental in the interior, where records are 

 none too well established. Wisconsin records (Lake Koshkonong, 

 breeding, June 1891 ; Kelley Brook, September 21, 1897, and Milton, 

 May 27, 1899) seem to be authentic. Recorded twice in Hawaii 

 (May 9, 1891, and April 30, 1902). 



Egg dates. — Northern Mackenzie : Thirty-two records, June 14 to 

 July 16 ; sixteen records, June 23 to July 5. Maine and Nova Scotia : 

 Twenty-six records, June 8 to July 21; thirteen records, June 15 

 to 23. Alaska : Twenty-two records, May 4 to July 1 ; eleven records, 

 June 14 to 27. 



