FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 165 



entopterygoids and ectopterygoids. Preorbital and preopercle den- 

 ticulate. Opercle with 2 spines. Gill membranes separate. Gill 

 rakers long, slender. Pseudobranchiae usually large. Branchioste- 

 gals 6. Vertebrae 25, of which 14 or 15 caudal. Scales large, ciliated 

 or ctenoid. Lateral line complete, tubes straight and occupy front 

 half of exposed scale surface. Dorsals joined at bases, spines 10 to 12, 

 rays 9 to 16. Anal equally long as soft dorsal, spines 3, rays 10 to 16. 

 Caudal emarginate. Pectoral obtusely pointed, rays 14 to 17, upper 

 longest. Ventral behind pectoral base, fins close together and each 

 with strong spine. 



Fishes of moderate or small size, in the fresh and brackish waters 

 of the tropical Indo-Pacific. The uniformly silvery species live in 

 the sea and those marked with dark spots enter fresh water estuaries 

 or rivers. Besides Dules a West African species has been described 

 and placed in a separate genus, Parakuhlia Pellegrin 1913, on account 

 of the presence of pseudobranchiae. 



Nannoperca Giinther ( = Paradules Klunzinger 1872= Edelia Cas- 

 telnau 1873 = Microperca Castelnau 1873) is from the fresh waters of 

 Australia, with interrupted lateral line and rounded caudal, and has 

 doubtfully been placed in this family. 



Genus DULES Cuvier 



Dules Cuvier, Regne Animal, ed. 2, vol. 2, 1829, p. 117. Type Centropomus 



rupestris Lacepede, designated by Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila- 

 delphia, 1906, p. 510. 

 Platysome Lienard, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pt. 2, 1832, p. 112. Type 



Holocentrus caudavittatus Lacepede, monotypic. 

 Kuhlia Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, p. 48. Type Perca 



ciliata Cuvier, orthotypic. 

 Moronopsis Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1862, p. 236. Type 



Dules taeniurus Cuvier, orthotypic. 

 Paradules Bleeker, Nederland. Tijdschr. Dierk., vol. 1, 1863, p. 257. Type 



Dules marginatus Cuvier, monotypic. 

 Moronophis (Gill) Day, Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 67. Type Dules 



taeniurus Cuvier. (Lapsus for Moronopsis.) 

 Platysoma (not Leach 1817) Scudder, Nomenclator Zool., 1882, p. 252. 



Type Holocentrus caudavittatus Lacepede, as Platysoma Scudder proposed 



for Platysome Lienard. 

 Herops De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 9, 1885, p. 392. 



Type Herops munda De Vis, monotypic. 

 Boulengerina (not Dollo 1S86) Fowler, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 



1906, p. 512. Type Dules malo Lesson, orthotypic. 

 Safole Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 655. Type Dules 



taeniurus Cuvier, orthotypic. 



Body well elevated. Eyes moderate. Mouth terminal, oblique. 

 Chin moderately prominent. No canines. Preorbital and preopercle 

 edges finely denticulate. Opercle without membranous lobe. Gill 

 rakers 17 to 28 on lower branch of first arch. Scales 40 to 50 in 

 longitudinal series. Lateral line complete. Dorsal and anal fins 



