FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS A.ND ADJACENT SEAS 177 

 Genus LATES Cuvier 



Latcs Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 2, 1828, p. 88. Type Perca nilotica 



Gmelin, designated by Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, 



p. 52. 

 Pseudolates Alleyne and Macleay, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 



1, 1S77, p. 262. Type Pseudolates cavifrons Alleyne and Macleay, 



monotypic. 



Body compressed, elongate. Mouth large, protractile. Maxillary 

 exposed, with supplementary bone. Bands of villiform teeth in jaws, 

 on vomer, palatines and ectopterygoids; no teeth on tongue. Hind 

 preopercle edge serrated, straight spine at angle and few on lower 

 edge, anterior antrorse. Opercle ends in spine. Gill membranes 

 separate. Pseudobranchiae very small or absent. Gill rakers long. 

 Branchiostegals 7. Vertebrae 25, of which 13 caudal. Scales mod- 

 erate or rather large, finely ctenoid. Head partly scaled. Dorsal 

 and anal in more or less distinct scaly sheath, soft portion covered 

 with scales. Lateral line complete, extends on base or nearly to end 

 of caudal fin; tubes straight, occupy basal half of scale exposure. 

 Dorsal spines 7 or 8 and 1 before, 10 to 12 rays, fins subequal. Anal 

 spines 3, rays 8 or 9, short. Caudal rounded. Pectoral rays 16 or 

 17, short, symmetrical, rounded. Ventral with strong spine and 

 produced basal scale below pectoral base, fins close together. 



Nile, Niger, Senegal; estuaries and coasts of southeast Asia and 

 north Australia. 



LATES CALCARIFER (Bloch) 



Holocentrus calcarifer Bloch, Naturg. Ausland. Fische, vol. 4, 1790, p. 100, 

 pi. 244. Japan. — Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, vol. 3, 1792, p. 640 (on 

 Bloch). — Forster, Fauna Indica, 1795, p. 16. — Lacepede, Hist. Nat. 

 Poiss., vol. 4, 1802, pp. 341, 384 (Japan). 



Lates calcarifer Cuvier, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 2, 1828, p. 100 (on Bloch). — 

 Richardson, Ichth. China, Japan, 1846, p. 222 (Canton). — Gunther, Cat. 

 Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 68 (India, Ganges, China). — Day, Fishes 

 of Malabar, 1865, p. 2; Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1865, p. 5 (Cochin).— 

 Gunther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 824 (Fitzroy River). — Day, 

 Fishes of India, pt. 1, 1875, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 1. — O'Shaughnessy, Zool. 

 Record, 1875 (1878), pisces, p. 9. — Castelnau, Proc. Linn. Soc. New- 

 South Wales, vol. 3, 1878, p. 42 (Norman and Fitzroy Rivers). — Klun- 

 zinger, Sitz. Ber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 80, pt. 1, 1879, p. 342 (Cleveland 

 Bay, Queensland). — Meyer, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., Madrid, vol. 

 14, 1885, p. 8 (north Celebes).— Day, Fishes of India, Suppl., 1888, p. 

 779; Fauna Brit. India, vol. 1, 1889, p. 440, fig. 139.— Thurston, Notes 

 Pearl Fisher. Manaar, 1890, p. 91 (Tuticorin and Panban). — Kent, Great 

 Barrier Reef, 1893, pp. 280, 396 (north of Keppel Bay). — Boulenger, 

 Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1895, p. 363 (Western India, Madras, Ganges, 

 Burma, China, Amoy, Malay Archipelago, Sarawak, Fitzroy River). — 

 Elera, Cat. Fauna Filip., vol. 1, 1895, p. 457 (Mindoro and Calapan). — 

 Kent, Naturalist in Australia, 1897, pp. 169 (Fitzroy in Queensland to 

 Ashburton in West Australia). — Stead, Fishes of Australia, 1900, p. 96 



