FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 215 



Serranus urodelus Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 2, 1828, p. 306 

 (Tahiti); vol. 6, 1830, p. 513 (Ulea).— Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 

 vol. 1, 1859, p. 122 (India and Amboyna); Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, vol. 

 1, pt. 1, 1873, p. 3, pi. 3, fig. A (Society, Kingsmills, Hervey, Tuamotu 

 and Solomon Islands, East Indies); Cruise of Curagoa, Brenchley, 1873, 

 p. 409 (Solomon Islands), p. 410 (Misol, Moluccas). — Martens, Preuss. 

 Exp. Ost-Asien, vol. 1, 1876, p. 385 (Amboina). — Meyer, Anal. Soc. 

 Espan. Hist. Nat,, Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 9 (North Celebes). 



Epinephelus urodelus Bleeker, Atlas Ichth. Ind. N£erland., vol. 7, 1873-76, 

 p. 41 (Sumatra, Cocos, Nias, Java, Celebes, Sangir, Ternate, Obi major, ' 

 Amboina, New Guinea); vol. 8, 1876-77, pi. (43) 321, fig. 2.— Streets, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 7, 1877, p. 91 (Fanning Islands). — Boulenger,; 

 Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1895, p. 192 (Mysol, Amboina, Solomons^ 

 Aneiteum, Micronesia, Mauritius, Zanzibar, Seychelles, Sumatra). — 

 Jordan and Snyder, Annot. Zool. Japon., vol, 3, 1091, p. 75 (Riu Kiu). — ; . 

 Weber, Siboga Exp., vol. 57, Fische, 1913, p. 200 (Binongka Island,* 

 Banda Island). '■• ' 



Epinephelus urodelus var. urodelus Steindachner, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf . 

 Ges., vol. 25, 1900, p. 414 (Ternate). 



Cephalopholis urodelus Seale and Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 33, • 

 1907, p. 243 (Zamboanga).— Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, 

 p. 498 (Okinawa).— Fowler, Mem. Bishop Mus., vol. 10, 1928, p. 175 ' 

 (Society Islands, Gilbert Islands, Ebon Island, Nukuhiva, Mangareva, 

 Palmyra, Tuamotus, Tahiti, Fanning Islands, Apia, Jaluit, Tempe). 



Bodianus miniatus (part) Schneider, Syst, Ichth. Bloch, 1801, p. 333. 



Serranus erythraeus Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 6, 1830, p. 516. 

 Mauritius. — Gunther, Cat, Fish. Brit, Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 116 

 (copied). — Jatzow and Lenz, Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges., vol. 21, 

 1889, p. 498 (Aldabra). 



Serranus erythrurus Meyer, Anal. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., Madrid, vol. 14, < 

 1885, p. 9 (Kordo, Mysore). . , 



Epinephelus erylhraeus Sauvage, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 57, 

 pi. 10, fig. 1. 



Serranus sonnerati (part) Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 12(2 

 (Sumatra). — Playfair, Fishes of Zanzibar, 1866, p. 3, pi. 3, fig. 1. 



Cephalopholis sonnerati Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 498 • 

 (Okinawa). 



Epinephelus miltostigma Bleeker, Verh. Kon. Akad. Wet, Amsterdam, vol. 

 14, No. 2, 1874, p. 43. Amboina; Atlas Ichth. Ind. Neerland., vol. 7, ' 

 1873-76, p. 37 (Amboina); vol. 8, 1876-77, pi. (52) 330, fig. 5. 



Epinephelus playfairi Bleeker, Verh. Kon. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, voh 

 18, No. 3, 1879, p. 3. Mauritius. 



Depth 2]/ 8 to 3K; head 2]/ 2 to 2%, width 1% to 2%. Snout 4 : 

 to 4% in head from snout tip; eye 4}^ to 6, 1 to 1% in snout, sub-' 

 equal with interorbital; maxillary extends beyond eye, about half 

 eye diameter with age, expansion 1 to l 1 ^ in eye, length 1% to 2 in 

 head from snout tip; teeth fine, conic, with pair of upper, wide set, 

 front canines, often double and inner rows depressible with anterior 

 longer; lower teeth similar, only inner longer, hinged, with three or • 

 four rows along sides of jaws, pair of front canines small and closer 

 than upper; bands of fine teeth on vomer and palatines, none on 

 88137—30 J 5 



