FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 247 



p. 232 (Kagoshima Bay and Oshima). — Boulenger, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 London, 18S7, p. 654 (Muscat, Arabia). — Day, Fauna Brit. India, vol. 1, 

 1889, p. 454. 



Epinephelus angularis Bleeker, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Neerland., vol. 7, 1876, 

 p. 48 (Sumatra, Nias, Singapore, Banka, Java, Celebes, Sumbawa, Batjan, 

 Amboina). — Sauvage, Hist. Nat. Madagascar, Poiss., 1891, p. 71. 



Serranus celebicus Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indie, vol. 2, 1851, 

 p. 217. Bulucomba, Celebes. — Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 

 1859, p. 139 (Amboina). — Klunzinger, Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 

 20, 1870, p. 676 (Koseir, Red Sea). — Martens, Preuss. Exp. Ost-Asien 

 vol. 1, 1876, p. 386 (Larentuka, Flores). — Meyer, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. 

 Nat., Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 8 (Cebu; Kordo, Mysore). — Elera, Cat. 

 Fauna Filip., vol. 1, 1895, p. 462 (Samar, Cebu; Nasugbu). 



Serranus glaucus Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1870, p. 678. Andamans. 



Epinephelus craspedur us Jordan and Richardson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 

 vol. 37, 1910, p. 447, fig. 7. Kagoshima, Japan. — Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., vol. 42, 1912, p. 13 (Kagoshima). — Jordan and Hubbs, Mem. Car- 

 negie Mus., vol. 10, No. 2, 1925, p. 235 (Toba). 



Depth 2 7 / 8 to 3^; head 2% to 2]/ 2 , width 2 to 2}/ b . Snout 3% 

 to 4 in head from snout tip; eye 4^ to 4%, 1% to IK m snout, 

 greater than interorbital; maxillary reaches 3^ to ^ in eye, expansion 

 1% to 2, length 234 to 2}/$ in head from snout tip; teeth in narrow 

 bands in jaws, mandibulars largely biserial, but become uniserial 

 behind; band of fine teeth on vomer and palatines; pair of small 

 canines in front of each jaw, often double; interorbital Q}/$ to 7)4 in 

 head from snout tip; hind preopercle edge serrate, with two or three 

 serrae enlarged at angle; median opercular spine little nearer lower 

 and upper most advanced. Gill rakers 9 + 16, lanceolate, 2}/$ in eye 

 or much greater than gill filaments; seven above and four below 

 rudimentary. 



Scales 93 to 96 in lateral line to caudal base and 12 to 15 more on lat- 

 ter; tubes 46 to 51 in lateral line to caudal base and 2 or 3 more on 

 latter; 19 or 20 scales above lateral line, 32 or 33 below, 60 to 70 pre- 

 dorsal, 30 or 31 rows across cheek to preopercle angle; body scales 

 without minute basal auxiliary scales and fins all finely scaled basally ; 

 upper two-thirds of maxillary expansion scaly, with 12 transverse 

 rows of scales. Scales with 5 or 6 basal radiating striae; 32 to 38 

 apical denticles, with 6 or 7 tranverse series; circuli fine. 



D. XI, 17, i or 16, i, third spine 2}/% to 2% in total head length, 

 first ray 2% to 2%; A. Ill, 8, i, third spine 3}4 to 4, third ray 2}4 to 

 23^; caudal \ l /2 to 1%, emarginate behind, truncate in young; least 

 depth of caudal peduncle 3 to. 3%; pectoral 13^ to \%) ventral \% 

 tol%. 



Gray brown generally, scarcely paler below. Body, head and fins 

 all marked with numerous, large, rounded, close set darker blotches, 

 in diameter about width of interspaces. With age hind caudal edge 

 narrowly pale. 



88137—30 17 



