FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS AND ADJACENT SEAS 275 



Serranus miliaris Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 6, 1830, p. 520. 



New Guinea. 

 Serranus altivelioides Bleeker, Verh. Batav. Genootsch. (Perc), vol. 22, 1849, 



p. 38. Batavia.— Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 127 



(copied). — Kner, Reise Novara, Zool., vol. 1, pt. 5, 1865, p. 23 (Singapore; 



Madras). — Elera, Cat. Fauna Filip., vol. 1, 1895, p. 461 (Samar). 

 Serranus altiveloides Meyer, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., Madrid, vol. 14, 



1885, p. 9 (North Celebes). 

 Epinephelus altivelioides Bleeker, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Nderland., vol. 7, 



1873-76, pi. (30) 308, fig. 1. 

 Serranus macrospilos Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Nederland. Indie, vol. 9, 1855, p. 



499. Batjan.— Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 149 



(copied). — Meyer, Anal. Soc. Espafi. Hist. Nat., Madrid, vol. 14, 1885, p. 



9 (Manado, Celebes). 

 Epinephelus macrospilus Bleeker, Atlas Ichth. Ind. Nderland., vol. 7, 



1873-76, p. 22, pi. (12) 209, fig. 2 (Java, Celebes, Batjan, Solor, Amboina). 

 Serranus howlandi Gunther, Journ. Mus. GodefTroy, vol. 1, pt. 1, 1873, p. 



8, pi. 9, fig. B. Howland Island and Tahiti. 

 Serranus emeritus De Vis, Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, vol. 8, 1883, 



p. 446. New Britain. 



Depth 2Y S to 3; head 2\i to 2y 2 , width 2}/ & to 2^. Snout 4% to 

 5}i in head from snout tip; eye 4^ to 63^, greater than snout in 

 young to 1% with age, always greater than interorbital; maxillary 

 reaches to or slightly beyond hind eye edge, expansion V/i to 1% in 

 eye, length 2^ to 2% in head from snout tip; teeth villiform, in 

 broad bands in jaws, on vomer and palatines but none on tongue, nar- 

 rowing to 3 or 2 rows posteriorly in mandible; nostrils together, pos- 

 terior greatly larger with age or its vertical diameter nearly equals 

 pupil; interorbital 6 to 6% in head, very slender, convex; hind pre- 

 opercle edge finely serrate in young, with spine at angle, serrae minute 

 or obsolete with age; opercular spines 3, lower little closer to median, 

 upper most advanced. Gill rakers 9 + 16, lanceolate, robust, little 

 less than gill filaments or 2% in eye; 9 above and 5 below rudimentary. 



Scales 85 to 104 in lateral line to caudal base and 15 to 20 more on 

 latter; tubes 53 to 59 in lateral line to caudal base and 2 or 3 more 

 on latter; 20 scales above lateral line, 25 to 31 below, 80 to 95 pre- 

 dorsal forward nearly to snout tip; 50 rows obliquely over cheek from 

 lower hind eye edge to preopercle angle; fins all minutely scaled over 

 greater portions basally; upper % of maxillary expansion scaly, scales 

 in about 14 transverse rows. Scales with 5 to 8 basal radiating striae; 

 8 to 10 apical denticles, compact in young, absent with age; circuli 

 moderately fine. 



D. X or XI, 15, i or 16, i, fourth spine 2% to 3^ m total head 

 length, first ray 2% to 3%) A. Ill, 8, i, second spine 3}4 to 4^, fifth 

 ray 2% to 2%', caudal \% to \%, convexly rounded behind; least 

 depth of caudal peduncle 3% to 3^; pectoral 1% to 1%; ventral 1% 

 to2Y 3 . 



