LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN WILD FOWL. 85 



merly), and formerly in Ohio. South to central Minnesota (Becker 

 County), northern Iowa (Kossuth County), southwestern Kansas 

 (Meade County), southern Colorado (La Plata County and San Luis 

 Valley), northwestern New Mexico (Lake Burford), southern Cali- 

 fornia (San Jacinto Lake, Riverside County). West to the interior 

 valleys of California (San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys), Oregon 

 (Camp Harney) , and Washington (Brook Lake) . North to central 

 Alberta (Lesser vSlave Lake), and northern Saskatchewan (Athabasca 

 Lake). Has been found breeding casually on Anticosti Island, Gulf 

 of St. Lawrence. In the Eastern Hemisphere, Iceland and the 

 temperate regions of Europe and Asia, from the British Isles, 

 Denmark, Sweden, and Holland to Kamchatka: also southern 

 Spain and northern Algeria. 



]Yinter range. — Southern States and Mexico, east to the Atlantic 

 coast from Maryland (Chesapeake Bay) to southern Florida. South 

 to Jamaica, rarely, south central Mexico (Guadalajara), and southern 

 Lower California (San Jose del Cabo). West to the Pacific coast. 

 North rarely to British Columbia (Chilliwack) more commonly to 

 the coasts of Washington (Puget Sound region), and Oregon, Utah, 

 northeastern Colorado (Barr Lake), northern Arkansas (Big Lake), 

 and southern Illinois (Mount Carmel) . In the Eastern Hemisphere, 

 the British Isles, the Mediterranean basin, northern Africa (to the 

 Sudan and Abyssinia), northern India, China, and Japan. 



Spring migration. — Early dates of arrival: Iowa, southern, March 

 10; Minnesota, Heron Lake, March 17; Montana, Terry, April 1; 

 Manitoba, Aweme, April 23; Saskatchewan, Indian Head, April 18; 

 Alberta, Edmonton, May 5. Late dates of departure: Lower Cali- 

 fornia, Colnett, April 8; Oklahoma, Caddo, April 2. 



Fall migration. — Early dates of arrival : Lower California, southern, 

 September 27; Massachusetts, Essex County, October 2; Hhode 

 Island, October 8. Late dates of departure: Ontario, Ottawa, 

 October 29; Rhode Island, Point Judith, November 11 ; Long Island, 

 Oakdale, December 13. 



Casual records. — Accidental in Bermuda (December, 1849) and 

 Alaska (St. Paul Island, November 13, 1911). 



Egg dates.- -North Dakota: Twenty-seven records, May 18 to July 

 16; fourteen records, June 7 to 19. Manitoba and Saskatchewan: 

 Twenty records, June 6 to July 3; ten records, June 13 to 27. Cali- 

 fornia and Utah: Sixteen records, April 16 to July 20; eight records, 

 May 15 to Juno 17. 



