216 BULLETIN 126, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



len Islands and northern New Brunswick). South to southeastern 

 Michigan (St. Clair Flats, casually), formerly northern Iowa (Clear 

 Lake), rarely, if at all, now in Minnesota or North Dakota, but 

 probably still in southern or central Manitoba (Lake Winnipeg), 

 central Saskatchewan (Prince Albert) , central Alberta (Buffalo Lake) , 

 and central British Columbia (east of the Cascades). West to the 

 Aleutian Islands (Atka and Agattu) and the Bering Sea coast of Alaska. 

 North to the Arctic coasts of Alaska and Canada. In the eastern and 

 southern portions of its breeding range it is rare or casual. The 

 European form breeds in Iceland, the Faroe Islands and northern 

 Europe and Asia, from Scotland to Bering Sea, and from about 70° 

 north latitude southward. 



Winter range. — North America mainly on the seacoasts of the 

 LTnited States. On the Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida, most 

 commonly from southern New England and Long Island to North 

 Carolina. On the Gulf coasts of Louisiana and Texas nearly to the 

 Mexican boundary. On the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands 

 to southern California (San Diego) . A few winter in the Great Lakes, 

 and a few in the southwestern interior (Colorado, Utah, Nevada, 

 Arizona, and New Mexico). The European form winters south to 

 the Mediterranean Sea, northern Africa (Algeria, Tunis and Egypt), 

 the Black and Caspian Seas, the Persian Gulf, northern India (rarely) , 

 China, Japan, and Formosa (Taiwan). 



Spring migration. — Early dates of arrival: Indiana, central, March 

 1; Ohio, Oberlin, March 9; Ilhnois, northern, March 6; Manitoba, 

 southern, March 31; Yukon, Fort Reliance, May 1; Alaska, St. Mi- 

 chael, May 8, and Kowak River, June 1. Average dates of arrival: 

 Illinois, northern, March 23; Ohio, Oberlin, March 24; Ontario, 

 southern, March 30; Iowa, central, March 16; Minnesota, Heron Lake, 

 April 2; Manitoba, southern, April 16; Mackenzie, Fort Simpson, May 

 24. Late dates of departure: Florida, Pinellas County, March 4; 

 Long Island, Mastic, May 30; Massachusetts, Nantucket, May 1. 



Fall migration. — Early dates of arrival: Labrador, Ticoralak, Octo- 

 ber 11 ; New York, Long Island, September 26; Virginia, Alexandria, 

 October 18; South Carolina, Mount Pleasant, October 31. Late 

 dates of departure: Alaska, St. Michael, October 15; Quebec, Mon- 

 treal, November 14; Minnesota, Heron Lake, November 27. 



Casual records. — Rare or casual on both coasts of Greenland 

 (Neanortalik, Godhavn, andStormkap, June 21, 1907), eastern Labra- 

 dor and Newfoundland. 



Egg dates. — Alaska and Arctic America: Eleven records, June 14 to 

 July 5; six records, June 15 to 20. Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and 

 Alberta: Twelve records. May 25 to July 6; six records, June 12 to 

 19. Iceland: Eight records. May 30 to July 10. 



