AQUATIC INSECTS IX NEW YORK STATE 433 



containing Chironomus and allied genera, the second containing 

 Tanypus and some others, and the third, Ceratopogon etc. Be- 

 sides this, there are a few aberrant genera which can not well 

 be placed in any of the above mentioned groups. 



The bibliography of the biologic literature is rather extensive, 

 specially for European species; and I will therefore give only 

 that which may be of particular interest to the American reader. 



Brauer, F. Syst. Studieu auf Grnndlagre der Dipteren-Larven nebst einer 

 ZnsammenstelluDg von Boispieleu aus der Literatur ueber dieselben 

 und Beschreibimgeu neuer Formen. Denkschr. d. k. zoo. bot. Gesell. 

 Wien. 1883. 47:1-100, pl.1-5 

 Fi-ies. Monographia Tanyporum Sueciae. 1824 

 Gercke. Verb. Yer. Hamburg. 1877. 4:G, and 1880. v. 6 

 Kieffer, J. J. Allgemeine Zeitscb. f. Ent. Aug. 1901. Ceratopogon and 



Wulpiella 

 Meinert, Fr. De eucepbale Muggelarver. Witb extensive bibliograpby. 



18S6 

 Miall & Hammond. Tbe Harlequin Fly. On the Life History and 

 Anatomy of Cbironomus dorsalis. AVitb bibliograpby. 1901 

 Packard, A. S. On Insects Inhabiting Salt Water. Am. Jour. Scl. no. 2. 

 1871. Species of Ceratopogon (nee Tanypus) 



Essex Inst. Proc. G:42. Chironomus oceanicus 



Pettit, R. H. Mich. Acad. Sci. 1900. p.llO. A Leaf-mining Chironomus 

 Osborn, H. Iowa Exp. Sta. Bui. 32. Cbironomus Larva 

 Smith, Sidney. United States Fish. Com. v.2, Rep't for 1872 and 1873. 

 Sketch of the Invertebrate Fauna of Lake Superior. Larva of Chirono- 

 mus 



The Chironomidae are gnatlike flies of slender form, the males 

 conspicuous for their plumose antennae. They may be distin- 

 guished from mosquitos, which they resemble very much, by the 

 costal vein not being continuous on the posterior side of the 

 wing. The larvae are soft skinned, wormlike, and usually 

 aquatic, though some are terrestrial. These midges are often 

 seen, specially in the early spring or in the autumn, in immense 

 swarms, dancing in the air. For a more complete characteriza- 

 tion of the family the reader is referred to Comstock's Manual for 

 the Stiidif of Insects or to Williston's Manual of the North American 

 Dipt era. 



Gercke, in Terh. Ter. Hamburg, 1878, 4:22.5, distinguishes the 

 larvae of Chironomus and Tanypus thus: ''All Chironomus lar- 

 vae have a cylindrical body, a short oval head; the smaller spe- 



