CATALOGUE OF GEMS AND PRECIOUS STONES. 149 



the last word, aapdlu. It is evident that the Vulgate and the Authorized Version 

 simply followed the Textus receptus, and that the correct rendering is "sardius" 

 and not "sardine stone." 



Chalcedony. — The Hebrew tarshish (Exodus xxviii, 20) has heen rendered chal- 

 cedony. In Revelation xxi, 19, it is enumerated in the description of the founda- 

 tion of the New Jerusalem. 



Chrysolite. — (See Revelation xxi, 20.) The Hebrew tarsfrish (Exodus xxviii, 20) 

 has been rendered chrysolite. 



Chrysoprase. — One of the stones in the foundation of the Heavenly City. (Revela- 

 tion xxi, 20.) 



Diamond, Hebrew shamir. — (See Jeremiah xvii, 1; Ezelriel iii, 9; and Zechariah vii, 

 12, where it is spoken of as an object of extreme hardness. In the Authorized Ver- 

 sion the Hebrew yahalom (Exodus xxviii, 18) is rendered diamond. 



Emerald, Hebrew bareketh. — One of the stones in the breastplate. (Also see Reve- 

 lation iv, 3.) 



Jacinth, Hebrew leshem. — A stone in the breastplate. (Exodus xxviii, 19). The 

 eleventh foundation of the Heavenly Jerusalem. (Revelation xxi, 20.) 



Jasper, Hebrew yashpeh. — A stone in the breastplate. (Exodus xxviii, 20.) Men- 

 tioned as adorning the Prince of Tyrus (Ezekiel xxviii, 13.) One of the stones enu- 

 merated in the description of the Heavenly City. (Revelation xxi, 19.) 



Onyx, Hebrew shoham. — One of the stones in the breastplate. (Exodus xxviii, 20; 

 see also Genesis, ii, 12; and Ezeldel xxviii, 13.) According to certain renderings the 

 shoham is beryl. Shohams set in gold were put on each of the two shoulder straps of 

 the ephod of the high priest, and the two were engraved with the names of the twelve 

 tribes, six on each. (Exodus xxviii, 12.) 



Pearl. — It is thought that pearl is meant by the Hebrew peninim, a word often 

 employed in the Old Testament as a figure of something valuable and precious. (See 

 Proverbs, iii, 5; xxxi, 10, and Job xxviii 18.) Jesus uses the pearl for the same 

 purpose in Matthew vii, 6, and xiii, 45. 



Ruby, Hebrew nofeh or odem. — One of the gems in the breastplate. (Exodus xxviii, 

 17; see also Ezekiel xxvii, 13.) 



Sapphire, Hebrew sappir. — One of the stones in the breastplate. (Exodus xxviii, 

 18; also mentioned in Ezekiel xxviii, 13, and Revelation xxi, 19.) Some authorities 

 render sappir as lapis lazuli, and not sapphire. 



Sardonyx, Hebrew yahalom. — One of the stones in the breastplate. (Exodus 

 xxviii, 18.) 



Topaz, Hebrew pitdah. — One of the stones in the breastplate. (Exodus xxviii, 17; 

 also mentioned in Ezekiel xxviii, 13, and in Revelation, xxi, 20.) 



