NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 



59 



Lifi history. — Probably similar to that of II. gallinae (p. 54). 

 Distribution. — South America (Brazil). 



HETERAKIS BREVISPICULUM Cendre, 1911 



Hosts. — Francolinus bicalcaratus, Gallus gallus, and Numida 

 meleagris. 



I o < <i t io 1 1 . — Cec a . 



Morphology. — Heterakis (p. 50) : These worms are very similar 

 to //. gallinae (p. 53), but the males have short, equal spicules and 

 the sucker rim (fig. 77) is broken by papillae on each side, as well as 

 by the papilla in the posterior rim. 



Male 5.. '14 to 8.35 mm. long by 250 to 300/* wide. The spicules 

 (fig. 76) 400/* long and equal; sucker as described above. The 



Fig. 74. — Heterakis brasiliana. Male tail. After Travassos, 1918 



spicules are shaped like a small nail, with an enlarged head and with 

 its tip united to a dorsal prominence by an oblique line. Travassos 

 has described II. gallinae from Brazil as having equal spicules 270/* 

 long. Apparently he had one of the species similar to this one, with 

 equal spicules. Caudal pupillae (fig. 75). 



Femah 6.38 to 10.6 mm. long by 260 to 360/* wide. The vulva is 

 in the middle of the body. The eggs are elliptical. 63/* long by 30/* 

 wide, and deposited before the formation of the embryo. 



Life history. — Probably similar to that of //. gallinae (p. 54). 



Distribution. — Africa (Dahomey and Belgian Congo) and South 

 America ( Brazil). 



HETERAKIS CAUDATA Linstow, 1906 



Hosts. — Anas sj>ohs<i and Lampronessa sponsa. 

 Location. — Ceca. 



Morphology. ^-Heterakis (p. 50): Three semicircular lips. 

 Esophagus with bulb. 



