NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 67 



Morphology. — Heterakis (p. 50) : Mouth with 3 lips, followed by 

 a short vestibule. Esophagus 1 8.5 of total length, with well de- 

 veloped bulb with valve teeth. Lateral alae well developed, extern i- 

 ing for greater part of length of body. 



Male 7.9 to 9.1 mm. long by 240/* wide. Tail (fig. 89) very long 

 and sharply pointed, 1/19 of total length. Caudal alae wide. Preanal 

 sucker 80 to 90/* in diameter, 100 to 150/* from cloacal aperture. 

 Twelve pairs of caudal papillae, of which 8 are postanal and 4 pre- 

 anal. Left spicule (7'20/i. long) much shorter than right (2.3 mm. 

 long). 



Female 7.9 to 9.6 mm. long by 360/* wide. According to Linstow, 

 vulva very slightly anterior to middle of body, dividing body length 

 in ratio of 73:75; according to Baylis and Daubney slightly posterior 

 to middle, 3.7 to 4.75 mm. from tail end. Tail y s of total length. 

 According to Baylis and Daubney, there is a conspicuous pair of 

 caudal papillae at about 680/* from posterior end. Eggs 75 to 

 78/* long by 43 to 48/* wide. 



Life history. — Probably similar to that of H. gallinae (p. 54). 



Distribution* — Asia (India (Zoological Garden, Calcutta)). 



HETERAKIS MACROURA Linstow. 1883 



Host. — Megaloperdix n igelii. 



Location. — Intestine. 



Morphology. — Heterakis (p. 50): Mouth with 2 (?) semicircular 

 lips. Tail pointed. Esophagus 1/7 of total body length, somewhat 

 swollen posteriorly. 



Male 9 mm. long by 600/* wide. Tail 1/7.5 of total length. Caudal 

 alae (fig. 90) wide; preanal sucker very large. Ten pairs of papillae, 

 of which 4 pairs are preanal, 1 pair adanal, 5 pairs postanal. Spic- 

 ules sharply pointed, 130/* and 110/* long. 



Female 12.6 mm. long by 660/* wide. Tail 1/7.8 of total length. 

 Eggs 72/* long by 48/* wide. Position of vulva not given. 



Life history. — Probably similar to II . gallinae (p. 54). 



Distribution. — Asia (Turkestan) . 



HETERAKIS TAPILLOSA (Bloch, 1782) Railliet. 1885 



Synon-yms. — Ascaris papillosa Bloch, 1782; Heterakis montioel- 

 I'tttna Stossich, 1892; Heterakis stylosa Linstow, 1907. 



This species has been greatly confused with Heterakis galUnae 

 {II. vesicularis) . Railliet and Henry have consequently used the 

 name Heterakis monticellia/na to differentiate it but that is not 

 allowable under the rules of nomenclature. 



Hosts.— Otis tarda and 0. tetrax. 



Location. — Colon and ceca. 



