NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 139 



Life history. — Unknown, although larval forms of this species 

 {Ascaris incisa Rudolphi) have been reported as found encapsulecl 

 in the peritoneum of the shrew and mole (see above, under Hosts). 



Distribution. — Europe, Asia (Russian Turkestan and India), 

 South America (Brazil and British Guiana) and Africa (Trans- 

 vaal). 



PORROCAECUM ENSICAUDATUM (Zeder, 1800) Baylia, 1920b 



Synonyms. — Fusaria ensicaudata, Zeder, 1800; Ascaris ensicaudata 

 (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809. 



Hosts. — Acrocephalus amndinaceus, Aland a species. Anas boschas, 

 Charadrius dubius, C. hiaticula, C. moAnellus, C. pluvialis, Gallinula 

 chloropus, Hirnantopus melanopterus, Luscinia philomela, Merula 

 nigra, Mimus polyglottus, Motacilla alba, Oedicnemv.s crepitans, 

 " rooks," Pica caudata, Pluvialis apricarius, Salicaria turdoides, 

 Sguatarola helvetica. Stum us vulgaris, Sylvia turdoides. Tnrdus 

 iliacus, T. musicvs, T . mcrvla, T. pilaris, T . saxatilis, T. torquatus, 

 T. viscivorus, Vanellus cristatus, V. meJanog aster. 



Location. — Intestine. 



„ o o o o o« 



Fig. 203. — Fobbocakcum bhpkessum. Male tail. Afteh Linstovv, 1875 



Morphology. — Porrocaecum (see p. 135) : Large lips wider than 

 long, the pulp with 2 wing-like projections; each lip (fig. 204a) 

 with 2 large, oval, closely set papillae. Interlabia 3/5 the length 

 of large lips, with rounded ends. Lateral membranes present, 120/t* 

 wide. Intestinal cecum small, almost rudimentary. 



Male 28 to 32 mm. long by 1.02 mm. wide. Esophagus 1/9.9, tail 

 1/8G of total body length. Body narrows suddenly posterior to 

 cloacal aperture. Six pairs of postanal papillae (fig. 2046), 5 of 

 which are near the caudal extremity (4 ventral, 1 lateral) and 1 

 pair, composed of double papillae, near cloacal aperture. Preanal 

 papillae in single row, numerous (13 to 19). 



Female 50 to 58 mm. long by 1 to 1.8 mm. wide. Tail 1/46 of 

 total body length, conical. Vulva somewhat anterior to middle of 

 body, dividing body length in ratio of 4:5. Eggs (fig. 204c) 110/x 

 long by 85/i wide, the outer shell with delicate lattice-work markings. 



Life history. — Unknown. 



Distribution. — Europe. 



