NEMATODE PAEASITES OF BIRDS 141 



Distribution. — Europe (Austria (Vienna Museum)). 



Several earlier authors have made this species a synonym of Con- 

 tracaecum spiculigerum, but the description of the 2 species shows 

 them to be different and the present species is seen to belong in 

 Porrocaecum as placed by Baylis. 



PORROCAECUM RETICULATUM (Linstow, 1899) Baylis and Daubney, 1922 



Synonym. — Ascaris reticulata Linstow, 1899. 



Baylis and Daubney list Ascaris ardeae Smith, Fox, and White, 

 1908, from Ardea herodias, as a synonym of the species, but in view 

 of the fact that the latter authors compared their species with that 

 of Linstow and stated that it was different and as they described the 

 esophagus merely as expanding posteriorly in clavate fashion, with 

 a valve-like opening into the intestine, and the intestine as simple, 

 it appears that they alone can determine as to whether or not it is a 

 distinct species. 



Hosts. — Ardea einerea, A. cocoi, A. maniUeitsis, N yctico-rax griseus, 

 and " an egret." 



Location. — Intestine. 



Morphology. — Porrocaecum (p. 135) : Interlabia and dentigerous 

 ridges absent according to Linstow, present according to Baylis and 

 Daubney. Dorsal lip (fig. 206) 350,* long by 280 M wide at the base; 

 pulp with 2 round converging projections anteriorly; 2 papillae a 

 little above middle of lip, above lateral pulp projections. Esophagus 

 1/15 of total length, with short oblong ventriculus; cecum well 

 developed, running forward beside the esophagus for a considerable 

 portion of the length of the latter. 



Male (size not given). Tail (fig. 205) with finger-like appendage, 

 with 2 very small pairs of papillae; an additional postanal pair of 

 large papillae just anterior to the constriction. Preanal papillae 

 number 5 pairs. A gubernaculum present, according to Baylis and 

 Daubney. 



Female 82 mm. long by 1.0 mm. wide. Eggs 110/a long by 91/x 

 wide, according to Linstow; those of the specimens of Baylis and 

 Daubney somewhat smaller. Shell reticulate. 



Life history. — Unknown. 



Distribution. — Africa (Porto Alegre), and Asia (India (Calcutta 

 Zoological Garden)). 



PORROCAECUM SEMITERES (Zeder, 1800) Bayliss, 1920 



Synonyms. — Fusaria semiteres Zeder, 1800; Ascaris semiteres 

 (Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1802. 



Hosts. — Corvus comix, Pluvialis apricarius, Tringa qanellus s 

 Vanellus cristatus, V. melanogaster. 



Location. — Intestine. 



