NEMATODE PARASITES OP BIRDS 



185 



Male 17 mm. long (Schneider) or 13.9 to 16.7 mm. long (Gendre) 

 or 8 mm. long by 250/x wide (Seurat). Tail (fig. 255a.) straight. 

 According to Seurat's description, caudal alae very long, 1.23 mm., 

 the span 300/*. ; cloacal aperture 300//, from posterior end ; 4 pairs of 

 long pedunculated preanal and 2 pairs of sessile postanal papillae 

 and a group of 6 small sessile papillae toward the caudal extremity; 

 in addition a large impaired papilla on the left side of anterior edge 

 of cloaca. Spicules dissimilar and unequal, 600/a and 1.9 mm. long 

 (Seurat), 510 to 550^ and 1.77 to 1.8 mm. long (Gendre). Gorgeret 

 (fig. 2556) highly developed, according to Seurat, hollowed out and 

 provided with a strong dorsal spur for the insertion of the muscles. 



Female 21 mm. long (Schneider), 19.4 to 22.8 mm. long (Gendre), 

 11 to 14 mm. long (Seurat). Tail 140/x. long in Seurat's specimens, 

 260 to 310ju, long in those of Gendre. Vulva 1/3 of body length from 



Fig. 255. 



-Habeonema tulostoma. a, Male tail; b, cloacal region, showing 



GORGERET ; C, OVE.TECTOR. AFTER SEURAT, 1014 



anterior end (Seurat) or varying, sometimes a little anterior, some- 

 times a little posterior to middle of body (Gendre). Eggs 42^ long 

 by 25^ wide (Seurat), 35 to 39/* wide by 21 to 23/x wide (Gendre). 



Life history. — Unknown; probably involving an insect as inter- 

 mediate host. 



Distribution. — Asia (Turkey (Tor)) and Africa (French Guinea 

 (Labe) and Algeria). 



The original description of this species in Schneider's Mona- 

 graphie is very brief. Seurat (1922/) identified his specimens from 

 Neophron percnopterus as Habronema unilateralis and made Filaria 

 tulostoma Schneider a synonym of that species. However, Gendre 

 notes certain differences between specimens collected by him from 

 Neophron monachus and the early description of Habronema uni- 

 lateralis; he considers H. tulostoma and II. unilateralis to be distinct 

 species and Seurat's description to apply to the former. Although 

 there are some differences between the descriptions of Seurat and 

 Gendre as noted above, they are very close together, if not identical, 

 and have certain features differing from Tlabronema unilateralis, 



