NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 191 



Female 10 to 16 mm. long by 300/x wide. Caudal end obtuse, anus 

 near the extremity. Vulva 2.6 mm. from head end of a 16 mm. 

 long specimen, prominent, with 2 large lips. Eggs 27/*. long. 



Life history. — Unknown. 



Distribution. — Europe (France and Germany). 



Genus HARTERTIA Seurat, 1915b 



Generic diagnosis. — Spirurinae (p. 164) : Nematodes having the 

 appearance of an ascarid, with large body, often curved into an arc 

 with dorsal concavity. Cuticle thick, resistant, finely striated trans- 

 versely. Lateral alae, when they exist, are limited to the anterior 

 region (cephalic or esophageal). Mouth limited laterally by 2 large 

 cuneiform lips, the internal surface deeply divided into 3 lobes or 

 jaws. Precervical papillae far anterior, situated in the cephalic 

 region, anterior to origin of esophagus. Male with caudal alae 

 symmetrical, outspread. Long pedunculated papillae, of which 4 

 pairs are preanal. Spicules unequal, the left slender, filiform. 

 Gorgeret present or absent. 



Parasitic usually in the intestine, sometimes the gizzard, of birds. 



Type- specws. — Hartertia obesa Seurat, 1915&. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF HARTERTIA 



1. Only 3rd stage larva known (from under skin of carnivore). 



Hartertia zorillae, p. 200. 

 Adults known, in birds 2. 



2. Female 12 mm. long ; esophagus 1/3.5 of total body length. 



Hartertia zakharowi, p. 200. 



Female 20 mm. long or longer ; esophagus 1/6 to 1/17 of total body length- 3. 



3. Male 28 to 40 mm., female 60 to 110 mm. long ; esophagus 1/17 of total length, 



or shorter ; spicules 800^ and 200m long Hartertia gallinarum, p. 197. 



Male not over 37 mm., female not over 66 mm. long; esophagus 1/10 of total 

 length, or longer ; spicules 1.35 mm. and 450/x, or longer 4. 



4. Male 35 to 37 mm. long ; long spicule 1.35 mm. long ; vulva of female posterior 



to anterior third of body Hartertia rotundata, p. 198. 



Male not over 30 mm. long; long spicule over 2 mm. long; vulva of female 

 in anterior third of body 5. 



5. Male 15.6 mm., female 20.3 mm. long. Tail of male 1/40, of female 1/20 of total 



body length ; eggs 39/* long by 26^ wide Hartertia confusa, p. 195. 



Male 23.5 mm., female 41 mm. or longer. Tail of male shorter than above 

 (1/73 of total length) or longer than above (1/31 of total length) ; tail of 

 female shorter than above (1/27 to 1/56 of total length) ; eggs 50 to 56/u 

 long by 35p wide 6. 



6. Tail of male 1/73 of total body length ; spicules 3.3 mm. and 647//. long ; no 



gorgeret. Female with tail 1/56 of total body length ; vestibule not pyri- 

 form ; sphincter with cul-de-sac projection where it joins the trompe. 



Panisitic in gizzard Hartertia annulata, p. 193. 



Tail of male 1/31 of total body length; spicules 2.1 mm. and 500jtt long; 

 gorgeret present. Female with tail 1/27 of total body length ; vestibule 

 pyriform ; no cul-de-sac of sphincter where it joins trompe. Parasitic in 

 intestine Hartertia obesa, p. 102. 



