206 



BULLETIN 140, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Male 5 to 13 mm. long by 100 to 300/* wide. Caudal extremity 

 twisted in one spiral turn and with wide alae. Drasche states that 

 the tail has 2 pairs of preanal papillae and has 2 postanal papillae 

 but his figure (fig. 275) shows 4 pairs of preanal and 2 pairs of post- 

 anal; the right spicule is short and thick, and the left is long and 

 alate with its tip barbed like a fishhook. 



Female 7 to 15 mm. long by 300/w wide. Anus near caudal ex- 

 tremity. Vulva in posterior part of body. 



Life history. — Unknown ; probably involves intermediate stages 

 in some other hosts. 



Distribution. — South America (Brazil). 



Seurat (1915) has suggested that this species is rather close to 

 Hartertia obesa. It is possible that this species should be transferred 

 to the genus Hartertia, but in default of further evidence the matter 

 is left as it is without decision. 



275. 



Figs. 275-276. — 275, Spiroptera penihamata. Male tail. After Drasche, 1884. 

 276, Spiroptera turdi. Head, a, Front ; b, lateral view. After Drasche, 

 1884. 



SPIROPTERA TURDI Molin, 1860b 



/Synonyms. — Ascaris fissilabium Linstow, 1873; Filaria turdi 

 (Molin, i860) Linstow, 1877&. 



Hosts. — Primary : Turdus musicus, T . iliacus, T . pilaris, T. merula, 

 Sturnus vulgaris, and Crocidura leucodon; secondary: Unknown. 



Location. — In walls or between tunics of gizzard. 



Morphology. — Spiroptera (p. 205) : According to Drasche, the 

 mouth (fig. 276 a and b) is without lips, its aperture circular, and sur- 

 rounded by a ring-shaped five-cornered ornamentation, with 2 large 

 lateral papillae and 4 submedian papillae behind this ormentation. 



Male unknown. 



Female 4.5 mm. long 



Life history. — Unknown ; probably involves intermediate stages in 

 other hosts. Cori has described what he regards as larvae of this 

 species from the earthworm. 



Distribution. — Europe. 



