NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 



235 



slightly anterior to middle of body, dividing body in ratio of 31 : 39. 

 Eggs 39,u by 23/i. 



Life history. — Unknown ; probably involves intermediate stages in 

 other hosts. 



Distrib ution . — Europe. 



Linstow reported this from Lcerw en mis and noted that it differed 

 from C. obvelatus in the length of the cordons and the presence of 

 prominent cephalic papillae; other differences such as lengths of 

 spicules and of female tails support the idea that this is a good 

 species. 



COSMOCEPHALUS OBVELATUS (Creplin, 1825) Seurat, 1919a 



Synonyms. — Spiroptera obvelata Creplin, 1825; Filaria obvelata 

 (Creplin, 1825) Linstow, 18776/ Dispharagus obvelatus (Creplin 

 1825) Linstow, 1909&/ Histiocephalus spiralis Diesing, 1851; Cosmo- 

 cephalus papillosus Molin, 1859; Dispharagus papillosus (Molin, 

 1859) Stossich, 1898; Cosmocephalus alatus Molin, 1860^. 



Fig 



297.- 



-cosmocbphalus aduncds. «, ilead exd ; b, male tail. after 

 Stossich, 1892 



Hosts. — Primary: Actitis hypoleucus, A. macularia, Alca torda, 

 Gatorrhactes pachyrhynchus (new record), Larus argentatus, L. 

 argentoides, L. canus, L. fuscus, L. marinus, L. maximus, L. medius, 

 L. ridibundus, Mergus se?vator, Puffinus kuhli, /Sterna arctica, S. 

 lisoria, Totanus hypoleucus, T. maculatus, T. fuscus, T tin goides 

 hy poleucus, Uria grylle; secondary: Unknown. 



Location. — Esophagus. 



Morphology. — Cosmocephalus (p. 233) : Cordons (fig. 298 a and b) 

 scalloped on inner edge, the course of the cordons sinuous; originating 

 in the dorso-ventral lines directly behind the mouth, they first run 

 posteriorly for a short distance, then loop forward again, then form 

 a second curve to gain their posteriorly directed course; considerably 

 farther posteriorly they form a third curve, running anteriorly in 

 the lateral fields, and then anastomosing in pairs; (he cuticle is 

 somewhat raised at the level of the second curve. Lateral papillae 

 bicuspid, at the level of the origin of the muscular esophagus; 

 posterior to these 2 papillae there are 2 lateral alae, finely striated 

 transversely, extending to the posterior end of the esophagus. Mouth 



