244 BULLETIN 140, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 



Hosts. — Primary: Rhaniphastos vitellinus; secondary: Unknown. 



Location. — Proventri cuius. 



Morphology. — Dispharynx (p. 237) : Head continuous with body. 

 Mouth with 2 large papilliform lips. Body with dense transverse 

 striations. Anterior extremity not attenuated and with obtuse apex. 

 Two cordons, long and thick, markedly flexed, strongly recurrent, not 

 anastomosing. 



Male unknown. 



Female 12 mm. long by 500/*, wide. Tail abruptly acute, conical, 

 with very sharp tip. Anus not far from caudal extremity. Vulva in 

 posterior part of body. 



Life history. — Unknown; probably involves intermediate stages 

 in other hosts. 



Distribution. — South America (Brazil). 



Genus ECHINURIA Soloviev, 1912 



Synonyms. — Filaria Mueller, 1787, part; Acuaria Bremser, 1811, 

 part; Spiroptera Rudolphi, 1819, part; Dispharagus Dujardin, 1845, 

 part; Histiocephalus Diesing, 1851, part; Dispharynx Railliet, 

 Henry, and Sisoff, 1912, part ; Hamannia Railliet, Henry, and Sisoff, 

 1912/ 



Generic diagnosis. — Acuariinae (p. 211) : Cordons not recurrent, 

 but anastomosing posteriorly in pairs in the lateral fields; their 

 course and relations to other structures are somewhat variable. 

 Body sometimes provided with spines disposed in a regular manner. 

 Spicules unequal and dissimilar. Postanal papillae 4 to 5 pairs, or 

 lacking. Usually 2 uteri, occasionally only one (E. decorata). 

 Vulva usually in posterior part of body. Parasitic usually in pro- 

 ventriculus and gizzard, sometimes in tumors in gizzard, in birds. 



Type species. — Echinuria jugadornata Soloviev, 1912. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF ECHINURIA 



1. Vulva in middle of body ; cordons extend to near middle of body. 



Echinuria ardeae, p. 248. 



Vulva in posterior portion of body; cordons where length is given, confined 



to anterior portion of body 2. 



2. Cordons elaborate, their inner part made up of transverse bands, their 



outer edge with posteriorly directed scales or teeth; esophagus one- 

 fourth of total body length or longer 3. 



Cordons not as described above; esophagus length, if given, much shorter 

 than above 4. 



3. Cordons narrow and of same width throughout, their anastomosis 1 mm. 



from head end; postcervical papillae very large and 3-pointed. 



Echinuria squamata, p. 257. 



Cordons become progressively wider until they almost cover the body, their 



anastomosis 1.9 to 2.4 mm. from head end; postcervical papillae very 



small and inconspicuous and with only 1 point_ Echinuria decorata, p. 250. 



