NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 251 



edge markedly dentate: anastomosis at level of anterior fourth of 

 posterior esophagus or somewhat posterior to this. Lateral papillae 

 postcervical, very small, situated just posterior to anastomosis of 

 cordons. 



Male 14 mm. long by 300/* wide. Pharynx 316/* long; anterior 

 esophagus 714/* long; posterior esophagus 3.4 mm. long. Cordons 

 extend 880/* along posterior esophagus, their total length 1.9 mm. 

 Caudal extremity (fig. 314/) tightly coiled, very difficult to unroll; 

 the present writer was unable to straighten it sufficiently to make 

 as detailed observation of the caudal structures as was desired. 

 Cloacal aperture about 340/* from tail end. Caudal alae thick, their 

 free edges curled ventrally. At least 8 pairs of caudal papillae; 

 there is a group of 3 pairs of preanal papillae fairly close together, 

 and there are at least 5 pairs of postanal papillae, of which 4 pairs 

 are large and pedunculated and the most posterior- pair is relatively 

 small and close to the tail end. Spicules unequal (fig. 314 g and h) 

 and dissimilar ; right spicule short and thick, consisting of a strongly 

 cutinized (or chitinized) part with sharply pointed free end, and 

 extending beyond this a hyaline portion less sharply pointed, the 

 spicule length being 191/* without the hyaline distal end, and 207ft 

 with it, and the maximum width being 58/*; the left spicule is more 

 than twice as long as the right and more slender, being 457/* long 

 by 29/* wide, with a blunt distal end. No gubernaculum. 



Female 15 to 17.5 mm. long by 315/* wide. Pharynx 332 to 398/* 

 long; anterior esophagus 714 to 830//. long; posterior esophagus 3.2 

 to 3.8 mm. long. Cordons extend for 830/* to 1.1 mm. along the 

 posterior esophagus, their total length 1.9 to 2.7 mm., the former in 

 a specimen 15 mm. long, the latter in one 17.5 mm. long. Caudal 

 extremity (fig. 314c) conical, blunt. Anus 199/* from tail end. 

 Vulva near posterior end of body, just anterior to anus, 350/* from 

 tail end in small specimens and 448/* in the largest specimen; vulvar 

 lips (fig. 314</) large and projecting; diameter of body decreases 

 suddenly below T the posterior lip. Only 1 uterus and 1 ovary. Ove- 

 jector long and simple, composed of 2 parts, a long, large vestibule. 

 2.3 to 2.4 mm. long by 133/* wide, extending anteriorly in a straight 

 line from the vulva, sometimes with a twist about midway (iig. 

 314<?) ; a narrow sphincter 664/* long by 41.5/* wide connects this 

 with the uterus; no varnish gland (or trompe) is present if the 

 present writer interprets these structures correctly. The uterus at- 

 tains a width of 232/* and is closely packed with eggs; it extends in 

 a straight course anteriorly to near the posterior end of the eso- 

 phagus, and at that level it is considerably reduced in width: it 

 then turns posteriori}^ and soon joins the ovary which has a con- 

 voluted course. Eggs 36/* by 21/*. 



