NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 261 



glides, so that the smaller acts as a gubernaculum. Vulva almost 

 in middle of body. Eggs thick-shelled, containing embryos when 

 oviposited. 



Parasitic under the lining tunic of the gizzard. 



Type species. — Sciadiocara umbellifera (Molin, 18G0) Skrjabin, 

 1916&. 



This genus is placed in the Acuariinae on the nature of the ce- 

 phalic appendages and of the male caudal structures. The append- 

 ages of S. secunda are particularly like the cordons of the acuarids. 

 According to Seurat, the cuticular epaulets of Seuratia approach 

 those of Scladiocara. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF SCIADIOCARA 



1. Cephalic appendages adhere to the cuticular surface of the body, their edges 



forming typical cordons; in Corvus monedula Sciadiocara secunda, p. 262. 



Cephalic appendages not adhering to the cuticular surface of the body, but 

 projecting so as to form a sharp angle with the body ; in hosts other than 

 above Sciadiocara umbellifera, p. 201. 



SCIADIOCARA UMBELLIFERA (Molin, 1860) Skrjabin, 1916b 



Synonyms. — Spiroptera umbellifera Molin, 1860&; Spiroptera 

 iantali rubri 8 Molin, 1860; Spiroptera totani 8 Molin, 1860; Schis- 

 tor'ophus umbellifera (Molin, 1860) Railliet, 1916. 



Hosts. — Primary: Ibis rubra, Tot anus melanoleucus, Scolopax 

 major; secondary : Unknown. 



Location. — Between tunics of the gizzard. 



Morphology. — Sciadiocara (p. 260) : Mouth (fig. 324 a and b) with 

 2 small, conical, lateral lips, posterior to which are 4 submedian 

 papillae, 2 on each side. Behind these are the cephalic appendages 

 characteristic of the genus, 4 membranous hemispherical alae directed 

 backward and forming a sharp angle with the body; in a face view 

 these organs are seen to form 2 pairs, being united in twos in the 

 lateral fields. 



Male 6 to 6.4 mm. long by 50 to 100/x wide. Two caudal alae (fig. 

 325 a) with 6 pairs of preanal and 5 pairs of postanal papillae. The 

 most posterior pair of papillae arc much the smallest. Of the pre- 

 anal papillae, the most anterior pair stand alone, as do the most 

 posterior pair; the second and third pairs form one group and the 

 third and fourth pairs another group. Short spicule peculiar, its 

 dorsal surface recurved to form a canal ; it is 81^ long with a maxi- 

 mum diameter of 22/x. The other spicule is 330/* long by 7.5fj. wide, 

 its posterior end is recurved, and it glides in the dorsal canal of the 

 smaller one; the smaller spicule, therefore, functions as a guber- 

 naculum and might be regarded as such. 



8 Catalogue of Vienna Museum. 



