NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 285 



Generic diagnosis. — Schistorophinae (p. 284) : Head adorned with 

 4 sharp cuticular lobes (at times possibly split to give 8 points), 

 uniting anteriorly with the cuticle, more or less joined at their 

 origin, especially in the median lines and usually arranged as a 

 roof over the head. Mouth small, usually with 2 small lips or teeth. 

 An elongated vestibule. Esophagus composed of 2 parts. Male with 

 tail blunt, rounded, provided with caudal alae and numerous papil- 

 lae, the preanal arranged at each side in a long simple series. Two 

 unequal spicules. Female with short, conical, more or less obtuse 

 tail; vulva in posterior region or middle of body. Sometimes vivi- 

 parous. 



Parasitic between the tunics of the gizzard of birds. 



Type-species. — Schistorophus longicornis (Hemprich and Ehren- 

 berg, 1866) Railliet, 1916. 



KEY TO SPECIES OF SCHISTOROPHUS 



1. Description very incomplete ; only host record and size of worm definite — 2. 

 Description more complete; from other hosts than 2 3. 



2. Female 12 mm. long; from Glnreola austriaca. 



Schistorophus spinulosus, p. 28S. 



Male 4.5 mm., female 9 mm. long. From Tringa helvetica (=Squatarola hvl- 



vetica=Squatarola squatarola) Schistorophus bicuspis, p. 2S6. 



3. Vulva in middle of body 4. 



Vulva in posterior part of body 5. 



4. Female 23.5 mm. long. Cuticular processes of head broad. From Haemato- 



pus ostralegus ; Russian Turkestan Schistorophus aulieatina, p. 2S7. 



Female 14 mm. long. Cuticular processes slender. From Rallus cayennensis; 

 Brazil Schistorophus laciniatus, p. 288. 



5. Head cup-shaped, posterior to which are the cuticular processes, with a total 



of 8 points, anteriorly directed Schistorophus bidens, p. 28S. 



Head not cup-shaped, cuticular processes with only 4 points, posteriorly 



directed 6. 



G. Mouth with 2 conspicuous large sharp points; from Sterna, species. 



Schistorophus acanthocephalicus, p. 287. 



Mouth with 2 small inconspicuous points; from other hosts than Sterna 



species Schistorophus longicornis, p. 285. 



SCHISTOROPHUS LONGICORNIS (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, I860) Railliet, 1916a 



Synonym. — Ancyracanthus longicornis Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 

 1866. 



Hosts. — Primary: Numenius arquatus, Tringa variabilis, Totanus 

 glottis; secondary: Unknown. 



Location. — Between tunics of gizzard. 



Morphology. — Schistorophus (p. 284): Mouth (fig. 349 a ami l>) 

 opening carries laterally a small tooth; around the mouth there are 

 4 processes, to the dorsal and ventral sides, which project far outward 

 and backward. Mouth opening leads into a vestibule which is about 

 twice as long as the distance of the opening from the point of the 

 head. Esophagus in 2 parts. 



