NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 287 



SCHISTOROPHUS ACANTHOCEPHALICUS (Molin, 1860) Railliet, 1916a 



Synonyms. — Spiroptera acanthocephalica Molin, 18606/ S. capil- 

 lars Molin, 1860; Oheilospirura capillars (Molin. I860) Diesing, 

 1861; Schistorophus capillaris (Molin, 1860) Railliet, 1916. 



It is questionable as to which of the 2 species of Molin was the 

 first published. Spiroptera acanthocephalica is listed as 18606 in 

 the catalogue of Stiles and Hassall ; the paper was read in December, 

 1859, but no month is given on it for its publication. Spiroptera 

 capillaris is listed as Molin, 1860e; it was published in March of that 

 year. 



Strongylus ambiguus Rudolphi, 1802, Spiroptera sternae Rudolphi, 

 1819 and Spiroptera sternae hirundinis Deslongchamps, 1824 have 

 been listed by various of the earlier writers as synonyms of this 

 species; they would invalidate the present specific name, if they are 

 identical, but the descriptions are so very inadequate for all of them 

 as to make them unrecognizable, the same host (Sterna hirundo) 

 being the only definite grounds for comparison. 



Hosts. — Primary : Sterna caspica and S. hirundo; secondary : Un- 

 known. 



Location. — Between the tunics of gizzard. 



Morphology. — Schistorophus (p. 284) : Head (fig. 350) continuous 

 with body. Mouth bilabiate, the lips conspicuous, ending anteriorly 

 in a sharp point; to each side of the lips there is a lancet-shaped 

 process (a total of 4), posteriorly directed, strongly developed. Body 

 filiform, densely striated transversely; anterior extremity noticeably 

 attenuated. 



Male unknown. 



Female 15 to 19 mm. long by 200^ wide. Anus not far from caudal 

 extremity. Vulva prominent, in posterior part of body. 



Life history. — Unknown. 



Distribution. — Europe (Austria (Museum Vienna)). 



SCHISTOROPHUS AULIEATINA Skrjabin. 1916b 



Host. — Primary : Haematopus ostralegus; secondary : Unknown. 



Location. — Under cuticle of gizzard. 



Morphology. — Schistorophus (p. 284) : Anterior part of body (fig. 

 351) contracted. Cuticle transversely striated. Head identical with 

 that of S. longicornis (p. 285). 



Male unknown. 



Female 23.5 mm. long by 170/u, wide. Anus very near to tail end, 

 the width of body at anus being only 34^. Vulva almost in middle 

 of body, slightly anterior to middle. Eggs oval, 40/* long by 26/.. 

 wide. 



Life histoiy. — Unknown. 



Distribution. — Asia (Russian Turkestan). 



