NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 



299 



tris, F. pygargm^ F. 7*ufus, F. rutilans, F. species, F. mbbutt us, 

 F. swainsonii, F. unicincttts, F. urubutinga, Tinnwnculus alaudarius; 

 secondary : Unknown. 



Location. — Gizzard and intestine. 



Morphology. — Physaloptera (p. 295) : Cuticle may be completely 

 reflected over the head, with a large crater-like opening anteriorly, 

 or in young specimens this may be entirely lacking. Cervical papil- 

 lae situated at level of terminal region of muscular esophagus. 

 Mouth (fig. 360a) with 2 lateral lips (fig. 360Z>), each with a 

 triangular external tooth and 3 smaller, blunter internal teeth; in 

 addition 3 papillae, near the insertion of each lip. 



Male 17 to 20 mm. long. Entire esophagus 1/4 of body length. 

 Cloacal aperture 650/* from caudal extremity. Circumcloacal region 

 covered with small tubercules. Caudal alae (fig. 360<?) A'ery elon- 

 gated. Five pairs of long pedunculated papillae, of which 2 are 

 preanal. 1 ad anal and 2 postanal. Three papillae on the anterior 

 edge of cloacal aperture. Four pairs of postanal ventral papillae, 

 of which 2 pairs form a transverse row on the posterior edge of 



Fig. 361. — Physaloptera alata Rudolphi of Ortlepp, 1922. Possibly 

 equivalent to p. galinieri seuuat. see text for discussion. after ort- 

 lepp, 1922. 



the cloacal aperture, the third pair is at the level of the most pos- 

 terior pair of lateral pedunculated papillae, and the fourth pair 

 is situated about midway from cloacal aperture to caudal extremity 

 (Seurat says 5 pairs of postanal papillae but in describing their 

 position only lists 4 pairs). Spicules 420/* long, according to Lin- 

 stow; 280 and 265/t long, according to Seurat. 



Female 19 to 27 mm. long. Entire esophagus 1/5 of body length. 

 Tail 1/21 of body length, conical, attenuated. Schneider states that 

 the vulva is 7 mm. from the anterior extremity of a 19 mm. long 

 specimen, but Seurat describes its position as more anterior (250/* 

 posterior to the end of the esophagus which is at the anterior fifth 

 of body length). Ovejector tubular, 1.5 mm. long; trompc dilated 

 as a reservoir, beyond which it narrows again for a course of 300it to 

 the branching of the uteri. Eggs thick-shelled, embryonated, 4G to 

 55/x long by 25 to 27/t wide. 



