NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 



357 



characteristic appearance in that the lining cells are wider than high 

 whereas those of the oviduct are higher than wide. Eggs (fig. 

 420 e and /) 36,u. long by 20> wide (Linstow) or 52/a long by 37ju. 

 wide (Seurat), embryonated, thick-shelled, cylindrical except for 

 operculated ends. 



Seurat found that the eggs hatched after being kept in water at 

 room temperature for 48 hours. Larvae emerged at one of the 

 poles of the eggs, either the head or tail end emerging first. They 

 died as soon as they were free of the shell. Larva 235/x long, cuticle 

 finelv striated. 



Fig. 419. — Microtetrameres inermis. Female, a, Adult ; b, adult examined 

 perpendicularly to determine manner of coiling; c, immature; d, anterior 

 end. After Seurat, 1913 



Life history. — Probably similar in a general way to that of T. 

 flssispina. Seurat points out that the short life of the newly hatched 

 larva indicates that it passes through an intermediate host. He has 

 found a fourth-stage larva in the proventriculus of a crow. 



Distribution.— Asia (Russian Turkestan) and Africa (Algeria 

 (Bou-Saada) ). 



MICROTETRAMERES INFLATA (Mehlis, 1816) Travassos, 1915 



Synonyms. — Spiroptera inflata Mehlis, 1846; Tropidocerca para- 

 doxa Diesing, 1851, part; Tropidocerca inflata (Mehlis, 184G) Dies- 

 ing, 18G1 ; Tropidocerca paradoxa Linstow, 1877 (not Tropidocerca 

 paradoxa Diesing, 1835) ; Tropisurus inflatus (Mehlis, 1846) Neu- 

 mann, 1892; Tetrameres inflata (Mehlis, 1846) Travassos, 1914. 

 Tetrameres haemochrous Creplin, 1846 is probably a synonym of 

 T . inflata; if not, it is a nomen nudum. 



Mehlis (in Creplin, 1846) gave no description; his Spiroptera 

 inflata was a nomen nudum. Diesing gave the first descriptiou 



