NEMATODE PARASITES OF BIRDS 



373 



this circlet is another of 6 larger papillae, 36 to 44//, long. Cuticle 

 grossly annulated except in the middle of the body. Head end 

 rounded: mouth opening round; mouth cavity narrow and tubular, 

 110/x to 175//. long (fig. 434a). 



Male 18 to 53.5 mm. long by 1.5 to 2 mm. wide. Esophagus 6 to 

 10 mm. long. Bursal cup (fig. 434 c and (/) almost trumpet-shaped, 

 275 to 320//. long by 260 to 360//, wide; it is often not in the direct 

 body line but curved dorsally; its margin is more or less scalloped. 

 Spicule almost 8 mm. long (in Microtetrameres inflata 3.6 mm. long, 

 according to Linstow). 



Figs. 432-433. — Eustrongylides mergorum. 432, a, Female ; b, male ; natural 

 size ; c, head. After Linstow, 1877. 433, a, Front view and 5, lateral 

 view of head; c, egg. After. Jaegerskiold, 1909 



Female 25 to 36 mm. long by 2 to 2.75 mm. wide (it probably be- 

 comes as long as male or longer). Esophagus 8 to 12 mm. long. 

 Posterior end bluntly rounded (fig. 4345). Vulva close to anus. 

 Eggs 60 to 70//. long by 33 to 38//, wide, with blunt ends and pitted 

 shells. 



Life history. — Unknown; see E. tubifex, p. 367. 



Distribution. — Europe. 



EUSTRONGYLIDES PAPILLOSUS (Rudolphi, 1802) Jaegerskiold, 1909 



Synonyms. — Strongyl/us papillosus Rudolphi, 1802, part ; Eustron- 

 gyhis papillosus (Rudolphi, 1802) Diesing, 1851, part; Ilystnchis 

 papillosus (Rudolphi, 1802) Molin, 1861, part. 



Hosts. — Primary : Anas boschas domestica, Anser cinereus domes- 

 ticus, and Nuecifraga caryocatactes ; secondary : Probably fish ; see 

 E. tubifex, p. 367, and E. igrnotw, p. 371. 



Location. — In tubercles in the esophagus. 



Morphology. — Eustrongylides (p. 367) : Body not enlarged in the 

 middle portion, according to Jaegerskiold; Linstow says it is thick- 

 ened. Mouth with the usual 2 circles of 6 papillae each about it. as 

 in most other species of this genus. 



