958 



Subfamily 3. Fuligut.ixak. Sea and Bay Ducks, 



These clucks are great divers. Tliey have lieen foiiiul in twenty fatlionis of water, having Ijecome 

 entangled in fish nets set at that depth. While they undoubtedly eat more fish than the last group 

 their Hesh is much used for food, and several of the species are great game hirds. Theoretically they 

 frequent deeper water tlian the hirds of the last grouj). but practically the two groups intermingle freely. 



I. 



Whole head and necU lilacU. 

 .\. Plumage entirely lilack. 

 B. Plumage not entirely black. 



1. Bill with a bluish band near its tip. 



2. Bill plain liluish. 



a. Back of head with innplish reflcction.s. 



b. Back of heati with greenish reflections. 



II. Head and neck rnfous or rufous-brown. 



A. Head and neck bright rnfous. 



1. Bill under 2 inches long. 



2. Bill over 2. 



B. Head antl neck rufous-brown. 



1. Wing with a while patcli. 



a. Region at base of bill nut white. 



b. Region at base of bill white, 

 (i). Wing over 8.25 inches long. 

 (2). Wing under 8.25 inches long. 



2. No wdiite in wing. 



a. Bill over 2.00. 



b. Bill under 2.00. 

 (l). Wing over 8.00. 

 (2). Wing under 8.00. 



c. Middle tail feathers long and slender. 



III. Head and throat steel blue or steel green. 



A. Steel blue. 



B. Steel green. 



IV. Head and neck i>therwise. 



A. Wing over 10. 



i: Neck and upper back mostly white. 

 2. The plumage mostly black. 



a. Speculum white. 



b. .Speculum not white. 



B. Wing under 8. 



1. Plumage much \ariegated in bold pattern. 



2. Plumage nearly uniform or black and white. 



a. Tail feathers stiff and slender. Color reddish. 



b. Tail feathers normal. Color black and wdiite. 



327. American Scoter. 



320. Ring=necked Duck. 



319. Lesser Scaup Duck. 

 318. Greater Scaup Duck. 



316. Redhead. 



317. Canvasback. 



321 & 322. American and Barrow's 

 (lolden-ey e. 



318. American Scaup Duck. 



319. Lesser Scaup Duck. 



317. Canvasback. 



316. Redhead. 



320. Ring-necked Duck. 

 324. Old=Squa\v. 



322. Barrow's Oolden=eye. 



321. American (iolden-eye. 



326. Pacific Eider. 



328. White-winged Scoter. 



329. Surf Scoter. 



325. Harlequin Duck. 



330. Rudd) Duck. 

 323. Buffle=head. 



Siibfaiiiily 4. AxsiiRiNAii. Qeese. 



upon land and therefore their f<iod is largely vegetable. 



The Geese feed mostly 

 known to require comment. 



I. Prevailing color white. 



.\. Length more than 22 inches. 

 B. Length less than 22 inches. 



II. Prevailing color not white. 



A. Head and neck chiefly black. 



1. Black of lower neck separated from gray of underparts 



by lighter or white half-collar. 



a. Lighter, pectoral half-collar not pure wdiite. 

 (I). Length about 3 feet. 



(2). Length about .■^o inches. 



b. Darker, pectoral half-collar pure while, 

 (l). Length about t, feet. 



(2). Length about 2 feet. 



2. Black of lower neck not so separated from gray of un- 



derparts. 



a. Breast abruptly ashy gray. 



b. Breast black continuous with neck. 



Thev are too we! 



331. Lesser Snow (loose. 



B. C.&H.24. Ross's Snow Goose. 



333. Canada Goose. 



334. Hutchins's Goose. 



335- White=cheeked Goose. 

 336. Cackling (ioose. 



B.C. 13. White. bellied Brant. 

 337. Black Brant. 



